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本研究分析了我国户籍制度不利于人口流动的主要问题,并提出了政策建议。当前,户籍制度建立了条件准入制和积分入户制两条落户通道。户籍迁移政策的调整是产业发展战略的要求和结果,并非是导致人口流动的主要原因。但是,有条件迁移户籍政策影响了人口集聚的格局和经济效益,户籍的底层筛选机制不利于社会公平,使外来人口、尤其是外来农村人口被排斥在城市福利体制之外。建议明确户籍制度改革总体路径、阶段性目标和任务,并尽快落实;发挥产业战略引导劳动力迁移的作用,鼓励收入导向的流动;健全就业友好型公共服务体制,以居住证为依托,梯次增加享有流入地的权益;改革公共服务和社会保障支出责任体制及城市行政层级体制。
This study analyzes the main problems that the household registration system in our country is not conducive to population mobility and puts forward policy suggestions. At present, the household registration system has established the conditional access system and the integral household system two settled channels. The adjustment of household migration policy is the requirement and result of the industrial development strategy, not the main reason leading to population migration. However, the conditional migration of household registration policies has affected the pattern of population concentration and economic benefits. The bottom screening mechanism of household registration is not conducive to social fairness, so that migrants, especially those from rural areas, are excluded from the urban welfare system. It is suggested that the overall path, milestones and tasks for the reform of the household registration system should be clarified and implemented as soon as possible; the role of industrial strategy in guiding labor migration should be given full play to encourage income-driven mobility; the employment-friendly public service system should be improved with the residence permit as the basis, The rights and interests of inflows, the system of reforming the responsibility system for public service and social security expenditures, and the administrative hierarchy at the city level.