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为研究我国华北地区小麦一次性施肥的氮肥利用率问题,设置两种氮肥(脲甲醛和尿素)的不同配比进行田间应用效果对比试验,测定及计算小麦产量、氮肥利用率及土壤中硝态氮残留量。结果表明:随脲甲醛比例升高,冬小麦产量升高,含70%脲甲醛肥料处理(UF3)的产量比不施肥处理(CK)增加37.0%,比100%尿素处理(CCF)增加11.4%。含70%脲甲醛与100%尿素处理相比,子粒吸氮量占总吸氮量比例、氮肥农学效率和氮肥偏生产力分别增加11.8%、44.7%、9.1%。70%脲甲醛处理在小麦整个生育期平缓释放养分,土壤中硝态氮含量稳定、残留量低,淋溶风险较100%尿素处理降低。以脲甲醛掺混30%尿素进行一次性施肥既可增加小麦产量,又能减少硝态氮的淋溶。
In order to study the nitrogen use efficiency of wheat single-use fertilization in North China, two different nitrogen fertilizers (urea-formaldehyde and urea) were set up to compare the effects of field application. The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and nitrate content Nitrogen residue. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of the proportion of urea formaldehyde, and the yield of UF3 increased 37.0% and 11.4% higher than that of 100% urea treatment (CCF). Compared with 100% urea treatment, 70% urea formaldehyde had the same ratio of nitrogen uptake, nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of 11.8%, 44.7% and 9.1% respectively. The 70% urea formaldehyde treatment releases nutrients slowly throughout the growth period of wheat, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil is stable, the residue is low and the leaching risk is lower than that of 100% urea treatment. Using urea formaldehyde mixed with 30% urea for one-time fertilization can increase wheat yield, but also reduce nitrate leaching.