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按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ,对9个热带和温带玉米群体进行组配,获得36个杂交组合。2002年和2003年,采用混合线性(AD)模型和最小范数二阶无偏估算法(1)法(minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation,MINQUE),分别在河南安阳和湖北十堰进行田间鉴定,对产量和产量构成因素的遗传方差分量、杂交组合的基因型值进行了分析。结果显示,产量和产量构成因素的遗传方差分量及其与环境的互作效应大多达到极显著水平,但各项遗传方差分量对总表型变异的贡献有差异。对小区产量而言,各效应的贡献是显性>显性与环境互作>加性与环境互作>加性;而加性方差分量对总表型变异的贡献为穗行数>穗粒数>百粒重>小区产量。对这36个组合的群体平均优势和群体超亲优势进行了估计,并在此基础上引入群体间遗传差异的度量参数ω/(2μ),ω/(2μ)=群体平均优势-群体超亲优势。对9个群体的比较表明,遗传差异与杂种优势之间不存在线性关系,亲本的遗传差异过大和过小都不利于产生强优势组合,具有中等遗传差异的亲本群体表现出了强的杂种优势。如组合3×6(BSSS C9×Stay Green C4)、2×3(BS16×BSSS C9)和1×3(Suwan1×BSSS C9)都具有中等的遗传差别,有较好的杂种优势表现;BSSS C9与Stay Green C4和Suwan1、BS16和Suwan1在温带育种中值得关注,有可能形成新的杂种优势模式。
Nine groups of nine tropical and temperate maize were assembled according to Griffing double-row hybridization method Ⅳ, and 36 hybrid combinations were obtained. In 2002 and 2003, the mixed linear (AD) model and the minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation (MINQUE) were used for field identification in Anyang, Henan and Shiyan, Hubei respectively. And the genetic variance components of yield components and the genotype values of hybrid combinations were analyzed. The results showed that the genetic variance components of yield and yield components and their interactions with the environment mostly reached the extremely significant level, but the contribution of each genetic variance component to total phenotypic variation was different. For the community yield, the contributions of each effect are dominant> dominant and environmental interactions> additive and environmental interactions> additive, while additive variance component contributes to the total phenotypic variation as spike number> spike Number> 100 grain weight> Community output. The average superiority and the super-propensity of the population in the 36 combinations were estimated, and based on this, the measurement parameters ω / (2μ), ω / (2μ) = the average superiority of the population-superfamily Advantage. The comparison of nine populations showed that there was no linear relationship between genetic differences and heterosis. Genetic differences between parents were too large and too small to produce strong combinations. The parents with moderate genetic diversity showed strong heterosis . For example, the combinations of 3 × 6 (BSSS C9 × Stay Green C4), 2 × 3 (BS16 × BSSS C9) and 1 × 3 (Suwan1 × BSSS C9) all had moderate genetic differences and showed good heterosis. BSSS C9 With Stay Green C4 and Suwan1, BS16 and Suwan1 deserving attention in temperate breeding, it is possible to develop new patterns of heterosis.