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纳米技术是指在纳米尺度下对物质进行制备、研究和工业化,以及利用纳米尺度物质进行交叉研究和工业化的一门综合性的技术体系。纳米技术研究始于80年代,并于90年代获得了长足的发展。纳米技术是人类认识和改造世界能力的重大突破,并将引发下一场新的技术和产业革命,该技术已成为21世纪科学技术发展的前沿。一、纳米材料与纳米技术纳米技术的兴起和发展是与纳米材料的研究、开发与应用密切相关的。纳米材料通常是只用尺寸只有几个纳米的极微小颗粒组成的材料(1纳米只有1米的10亿分之一,用肉眼根本看不到,只能用高倍的电子显微镜才能观察到)。1984年德国物理学家格莱特首次研制成功了纳米级超细粉末,并发现变成纳米的粉末其性能也发生了改变,随后美国等许多国家的科学家也开始了纳米材料的研究。纳米技术则是缘于物质的超细化而引起的纳米颗粒的性能发生的各种变化。
Nanotechnology refers to the synthesis, research and industrialization of materials at nanoscale, as well as a comprehensive technical system that uses nanoscale materials for cross-cutting research and industrialization. Nanotechnology research began in the 1980s and gained considerable momentum in the 1990s. Nanotechnology is a major breakthrough in human understanding and transformation of the world and will lead to the next new technology and industrial revolution. This technology has become the frontier of science and technology development in the 21st century. I. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology The rise and development of nanotechnology is closely related to the research, development and application of nanomaterials. Nanomaterials are usually composed of very small particles only a few nanometers in size (only 1 billionth of a meter in 1 nanometer is not visible to the naked eye and can only be observed with a high magnification electron microscope). In 1984, the German physicist Glatt successfully developed nano-sized ultrafine powder for the first time and found that the properties of nano-powder changed. Then many scientists in the United States and other countries also started the research on nano-materials. Nanotechnology is due to a variety of changes in the properties of nanoparticles that result from material refinement.