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(一) 强化国家对科技活动的领导和干预近年来,世界各国,尤其是工业发达国家都采取各种措施强化国家对科技事业的领导和干预,把科学工作当作重要的国家事务来管理。主要表现在克服松散的管理体制,以统一、明确的科技政策对科技活动进行协调、指导,并伴以严肃、周密的计划管理,及为提高科研功效而进行的研究体制改革、调整等。
(I) Strengthening the State's Leadership and Intervention over Scientific and Technological Activities In recent years, all countries in the world, especially industrialized countries, have taken various measures to strengthen state leadership and intervention in science and technology and regard scientific work as an important national issue. Mainly manifested in overcoming the loose management system, with a unified, clear science and technology policy coordination and guidance of scientific and technological activities, accompanied by a serious and careful planning and management, and to improve the effectiveness of scientific research system reform, adjustment.