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比较电解质溶液中离子浓度大小,是近年来高考的热点题。随着此类题选项设计的变化,解答时除了要熟练掌握电解质的电离知识以及盐类水解规律外,还要采用电荷守恒和物料守恒,确定恒等关系。这样才能准确、快速地确定电解质溶液中微粒浓度大小或恒等关系。一、大小排列关系型1.水解排列型根据盐类水解规律,强酸弱碱盐(AB型)溶液中离子浓度大小关系为:[B~-]>[A~+]>[H~+]>[OH~-];强碱弱酸盐(CD型)溶液中离子浓度大小关系为:[C~+]>[D~-]>[OH~-]>[H~+]。
Comparing the ion concentration in the electrolyte solution is a hot topic in the college entrance examination in recent years. With the changes in the design of such questions, in addition to proficiently understanding the ionization knowledge of electrolytes and the law of salt hydrolysis, the conservation of charges and the conservation of materials must be used to determine the identity relationship. This can accurately and quickly determine the particle concentration or the identity relationship in the electrolyte solution. First, the size of the relationship between the type of 1. Hydrolysis arrangement According to the laws of salt hydrolysis, strong acid and weak alkali salt (AB type) solution ion concentration relationship: [B ~ -]> [A ~ +]> [H ~ +] >[OH~-]; strong alkali weak acid salt (CD type) solution ion concentration relationship:[C~+]>[D~-]>[OH~-]>[H~+].