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建立在尊重国家领土完整与政治独立基础上的传统国际法并不能够自动地解决气候变化的正义问题。承认国家对温室气体的排放权并许可其无限制地排放虽然尊重了国家的自由权但是它必然损害其他国家免于受到来自他国污染导致的损害后果的权利。从整体上判断,温室气体在大气中的累积逐步引起气候变化,而气候变化破坏了人类社会安排。气候变化对地球上不同的国家所带来的冲击不同。有些国家必须调整经济结构以适应变化了的气候,由此支出巨额的成本,但北半球有些工业发达国家可能会因气候变化而获利。要求气候变化减排的赢家向输家支付边际成本,作为激励手段,在一定程度上可以解决分配正义与矫正正义问题。作为目前世界上经济增长最快的发展中国家,中国一方面应当积极参与国际合作减排;另一方面要与历史上的排放大国展开有理有力的谈判,努力争取在分配正义的基础上实现矫正正义目标。
Traditional international law based on respecting the territorial integrity and political independence of the country does not automatically address the issue of the justice of climate change. Acknowledging the country’s right to emit greenhouse gases and allowing it to discharge indefinitely While respecting the country’s right to liberty, it inevitably undermines the right of other nations to suffer the harmful consequences of pollution from other nations. Judging as a whole, the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere gradually causes climate change, which has undermined human social arrangements. The impacts of climate change on different countries on Earth are different. Some countries have to adjust their economic structure to adapt to the changed climate, thus spending huge sums of money. However, some industrialized countries in the northern hemisphere may profit from climate change. The winners who demand reduction of climate change pay the loser the marginal cost as an incentive measure to some extent to solve the problem of distributive justice and rectification. As the developing country with the fastest economic growth in the world, China should take an active part in reducing emissions through international cooperation. On the other hand, it should conduct rational and vigorous negotiations with the major emission powers in history so as to strive for rectification based on the principle of distributional justice Justice goal.