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目的了解来宾市2008~2013年狂犬病流行特征及其流行因素,为狂犬病防控提供依据。方法收集来宾市2008~2013年狂犬病疫情和监测资料进行流行病学描述和统计学分析。采集市场上销售狗脑组织,用DFA和RT-PCR方法检测狂犬病病毒感染情况。结果来宾市2008~2013年共报告狂犬病例139例,年平均发病率为1.05/10万。病例分布主要在兴宾区和武宣县,占总例数的79.86%。一年四季均有发病,7~12月份占58.99%。50~74岁人群发病最多占47.48%,其次为15岁以下儿童占17.98%。男女性别比为3.21:1。农民占总发病数的66.91%。被家犬咬(抓)伤占77.70%、被猫咬(抓)伤占14.38%。狂犬病例中有73.38%的患者暴露后未进行伤口处理,85.61%患者未进行疫苗接种,97.03%患者未注射抗狂犬病毒血清或免疫球蛋白。2008年犬只密度最高为13.31只/100人,最低2013年为10.01只/100人;犬只免疫率最高2013年为43.45%,最低2008年为34.35%。犬狂犬病毒核酸阳性率为1.43%。结论来宾市2008~2013年狂犬病发病率虽然呈逐年下降趋势,但疫情形势依然严峻。犬只密度高、免疫率低和带毒率高、暴露后预防处置率低和未按要求进行预防处置、犬只管理不到位和相关部门缺乏沟通协作等是狂犬病发生和扩散的主要原因。应进一步加强对狂犬病监测。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of rabies in Laibin from 2008 to 2013 and provide evidence for the prevention and control of rabies. Methods The rabies epidemic and surveillance data from 2008 to 2013 in Laibin were collected for epidemiological description and statistical analysis. Acquisition of dog brain tissue on the market and detection of rabies virus infection by DFA and RT-PCR. Results A total of 139 rabies cases were reported in Laibin from 2008 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 1.05 / 100,000. The distribution of cases mainly in Xingbin District and Wuxuan County, accounting for 79.86% of the total number of cases. The incidence of all year round, from July to December accounted for 58.99%. The incidence of 50 to 74-year-old population accounted for up to 47.48%, followed by children under 15 accounted for 17.98%. The ratio of male to female is 3.21: 1. Farmers accounted for 66.91% of the total number of cases. Biting (scratching) dogs accounted for 77.70%, cat bites (scratching) accounted for 14.38%. 73.38% of rabies cases were not treated with wounds after exposure, 85.61% were not vaccinated, 97.03% were not injected with anti-rabies serum or immunoglobulin. In 2008, the highest dog density was 13.31 / 100, the lowest in 2013 was 10.01 / 100; the highest dog immunization rate was 43.45% in 2013 and the lowest in 2008 was 34.35%. Canine rabies virus nucleic acid positive rate of 1.43%. Conclusions Although the incidence of rabies in Laibin City has been declining year by year from 2008 to 2013, the epidemic situation is still grim. High dog density, low immunization rates and high rates of infection, prevention and treatment of low exposure rates and the failure to prevent and dispose of as required, inadequate management of dogs and lack of communication and collaboration between relevant departments are the main causes of rabies and spread. Rabies surveillance should be further strengthened.