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目的监测济南市2013年麻疹病毒的流行情况及遗传变异特点,为控制和消除麻疹提供实验室依据。方法采集麻疹疑似病例的血清、咽拭子,对疑似麻疹病例的血清采用ELISA方法进行IgM抗体检测,对咽拭子进行实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)检测,阳性咽拭子样本通过RT-PCR扩增麻疹病毒N基因序列,进行麻疹病毒的流行特点及种系分析。结果 2013年济南市共报告麻疹疑似病例856例,采集疑似病例血清样本817例,IgM阳性样本447例,阳性率为54.71%。麻疹全年均有发病,其中以3月份发病最高,占40.80%(122/299),发病人群主要集中在1岁以下的儿童,占发病总数的54.85%(164/299),各年龄组中性别差异无统计学意义。21份麻疹阳性咽拭子样本经序列分析为H1a基因型,核苷酸、氨基酸差异平均为98.2%~100.0%,97.4%~99.3%。结论济南市麻疹病毒春季高发,病毒主要侵犯1岁以下的儿童。H1a是济南市本土流行野毒株的优势亚型,优势病毒的持续传播与麻疹的发病有密切联系。
Objective To monitor the epidemic situation and genetic variation of measles virus in Jinan City in 2013 and provide a laboratory basis for controlling and eliminating measles. Methods Serum and throat swabs were collected from suspected cases of measles. Serum samples of suspected measles were detected by ELISA for IgM antibody detection. Real-time PCR was performed on throat swabs. Positive throat swab samples were analyzed by RT -PCR amplification of measles virus N gene sequence, the prevalence of measles virus and germline analysis. Results In 2013, a total of 856 suspected cases of measles were reported in Jinan City, 817 cases of suspected cases were collected and 447 cases of IgM positive samples were collected. The positive rate was 54.71%. The incidence of measles all year round, of which the highest incidence in March, accounting for 40.80% (122/299), the incidence of mainly concentrated in children under 1 year of age, accounting for 54.85% (164/299) of the total incidence of all age groups Gender differences were not statistically significant. 21 samples of measles-positive throat swabs were sequenced as H1a genotypes. The average nucleotide and amino acid differences were 98.2% -100.0% and 97.4% -99.3%, respectively. Conclusion The measles virus in Jinan is high in spring, and the virus mainly affects children under 1 year of age. H1a is the dominant subtype of indigenous wild strains in Ji’nan City. The continuous transmission of dominant virus is closely related to the incidence of measles.