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离子型稀土矿开采扰动不仅造成矿区景观及生态环境退化,而且稀土开采产生的尾砂还导致矿区大面积土地沙化,造成矿区地表温度变异,与其他类型矿区开采扰动有显著差异。传统方法以植被指数(NDVI)作为矿区生态扰动的监测因子在稀土矿区是否适用有待验证。针对稀土矿区开采扰动特点,通过构建温度分异系数(HI)分析稀土开采扰动与矿区地表温度的响应关系,构建基于HI的稀土矿区地表扰动分析方法,并以赣州市定南县岭北稀土矿区为例,比较了NDVI与HI在稀土矿区生态扰动监测方面的区分效果,以此为基础,分析了岭北稀土矿区23a稀土开采导致的生态扰动时空演变规律。结果表明:相比NDVI,HI能体现稀土开采工艺特点,具有更佳的扰动区分能力。原地浸矿工艺一定程度上遏制了矿区裸露尾砂地的规模,使得矿区极差生态环境面积得到控制,但随着稀土开采总体规模扩大,生态评价为差和较差的矿区面积急剧扩大,矿区整体生态环境进一步恶化。
The disturbed mining of ion-type rare earths not only leads to the degradation of landscape and ecological environment, but also the tailings produced by rare earth mining lead to the desertification of large-scale land area, resulting in the variation of surface temperature in mining area, which is significantly different from the mining disturbances in other types of mining areas. The traditional method of vegetation index (NDVI) as a mining ecological disturbance monitoring factor in the application of rare earth mines to be verified. Aiming at the characteristics of mining disturbance in rare earth mining area, the temperature variation coefficient (HI) was used to analyze the response relationship between rare earth mining disturbance and surface temperature of mine area, and the method of surface disturbance analysis based on HI was established. As an example, the difference between NDVI and HI in the monitoring of ecological disturbances in rare earth mining areas was compared. Based on this, the temporal and spatial evolution of ecological disturbance caused by 23a rare earth mining in Lingbei rare earth mining area was analyzed. The results show that compared with NDVI, HI can reflect the characteristics of rare earth mining technology, and has better ability to distinguish disturbance. In situ leaching technology to a certain extent, curb the size of the bare tailings of the mining area, making the area extremely poor ecological environment under control, but with the overall size of rare earth mining, ecological evaluation is poor and poor mining area has expanded dramatically, the mining area The overall ecological environment worsened.