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[目的]研究12种长白山有毒植物提取的生物碱杀虫活性,为长白山有毒植物的开发利用奠定基础。[方法]应用小叶碟法研究12种有毒植物提取的生物碱对3～5龄菜青虫幼虫生长发育的影响和拒食活性。[结果]不同有毒植物提取的生物碱处理对菜青虫的生长发育构成影响有所不同。苦参、曼佗罗、天南星、藜芦和雷公藤生物碱等5个处理使试虫体重逐渐下降,直至最后死亡;葛根、北乌头、升麻和延胡索生物碱处理可使菜青虫提前化蛹,蛹态畸形;葛根、北乌头、升麻、天南星、延胡索和藜芦生物碱处理,48h后菜青虫拒食率均在90%以上,升麻和延胡索处理拒食率最高为100%。[结论]葛根、北乌头、延胡索、升麻和天南星等5种有毒植物的杀虫活性研究报道较少,在植物源农药的开发上具有重要价值。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the insecticidal activity of alkaloids extracted from 12 kinds of poisonous plants in Changbai Mountain and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of poisonous plants in Changbai Mountain. [Method] The leaf discs were used to study the effects of alkaloids extracted from 12 kinds of poisonous plants on the growth and development and the antifeedant activity of 3rd to 5th instar rape beetles. [Result] The alkaloids extracted from different poisonous plants had different effects on the growth and development of Pieris rapae. Sophora flavescens, Manluo Luo, Araceae, Veratrum and Tripterygium wilfordii alkaloids and other five treatments so that the testicle weight gradually decreased until the final death; Pueraria lobata, Cimicifuga and Corydalis alkaloids pretreatment cabbage worm Pupal and pupal state deformity. The antifeedant rate of Pieris rapae was over 90% after 48 hours and the highest antifeedant rate was 100% when treated with Radix Puerariae, Radix Aconitum, Cimicifuga amurensis, Araceae, Corydalis yannanensis and Veratrum. [Conclusion] There are few reports on the insecticidal activity of five kinds of poisonous plants such as Pueraria, Beiountou, Corydalis, Cimicifuga and Araceae, which are of great value in the development of plant-derived pesticides.