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高速公路收费分为特许经营收费与政府收费,二者分别为“经营性收费”与“行政事业性收费”。高速公路收费制度是我国社会主义初级阶段“贷款修路,收费还贷”的产物,宪法条文和行政法基本理论为其存在提供了公法正当性,但美中不足的是《公路法》的“空白授权”对收费标准和收费期限等核心问题均未明确规定,必须通过相关利益群体协商一致,达成共识,在合法性和合理性的基础上明确收费标准和收费时间。此外,因公共利益限制收费权必须符合法定条件,由此造成的损失应对公路经营企业进行行政补偿,《收费公路管理条例》在修订过程中应进一步完善补偿的方式、标准和程序。
Freeway tolls are divided into franchise fees and government charges, the two were “operating fees ” and “administrative fees ”. The highway toll system is the product of China’s initial stage of socialism “loan monopoly, loan repayment ”, the constitutional provisions and the basic theory of administrative law provides the legitimacy of the existence of its public law, but the fly in the ointment is the The “Blank License” does not clearly stipulate the core issues such as the charging standard and the charging period. It is necessary to reach a consensus through consensus among the relevant interest groups, and clarify the charging standards and charging time on the basis of legitimacy and rationality. In addition, the right to collect fees must be in compliance with the statutory conditions due to the public interest, and the resulting losses should be administratively compensated for the enterprises operating in the highway. The Regulations, Administration of Toll Roads should further improve the methods, standards and procedures for compensation during the revision process.