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进行抽样调查、临床疗效观察或实验研究时,都要遇到样本大小的问题,也就是要观察多少例?例数太少,各组间的差异得不到统计学上的支持;例数太多又会造成人力、物力、时间上的浪费。而且例数多,参加观测的人员就多,仪器、设备、时间、地点等造成混杂因素的可能性也多,使资料的可靠性受到影响,因此需要估算适当的例数。所谓“适当的例数”是指:如果各组间确有差别或关系
When sampling surveys, clinical curative observations, or experimental studies are performed, they all have to encounter the problem of sample size, that is, how many cases to observe. The number of cases is too small, and the difference between the groups is not statistically supported; the number of cases is too large. More will cause human, material and time waste. In addition, because there are many cases and there are many people who participate in the observation, there are many possibilities for confounding factors such as equipment, equipment, time, and location, and the reliability of the data is affected. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the appropriate number of cases. The so-called “appropriate number of cases” means that if there is a difference or relationship between the groups