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[目的 ]研究我国湖北钉螺 (腹足纲 :麂眼螺超科 :圆口螺科 )不稳定螺群内的遗传变异及作为不稳定螺群在哈笛 -温伯期望值中的变化。 [方法 ]同工酶用微量水平淀粉胶电泳进行研究。两次采集于同一地点的同工酶数据按实验时间平均分成 4部分 ,每个部分研究 34个位点 ,每个位点研究 72～ 180个钉螺。 [结果 ]4个部分每个位点的等位基因数平均 1.5～ 1.9个 ;多态位点率 38.2 %～ 17.6 %。平均杂合率低 :0 .0 33～ 0 .0 49与哈笛 -温伯期望值差异无显著性意义。去除第一部分的 10个位点 11个等位基因 ,多态位点数从 19个降至 10个。5个有数量较多等位基因的位点与哈笛 -温伯期望值有显著性差异。Nei氏与 Wright氏的遗传距离分别为 0 .0 0 3± 0 .0 0 1和 0 .0 5 4± 0 .0 0 6。 [结论 ]1在早期实验 ,最初的结果记录中有差错。此差错不能重复。2早期的差错发生在记录位点和较少出现的交互位点上。但这些差错对遗传距离无影响。3Wright氏遗传距离用于相对比较接近的群体的研究。4个部分间 ,Nei氏遗传距离差异无显著性意义 ;两次采集的螺群 Wright氏遗传距离差异具有显著性意义。原因是长江每年的洪水引起不同地点的钉螺混杂。4主要多态位点不在哈笛 -温伯期望值中 ,与预期的不稳定螺群模型一致。5研究种群遗传?
[Objective] The research aimed to study the genetic variation of instar snails in Hubei Oncomelania (Gastropoda: Ophthalmology): and their changes in their expectations. [Method] Isozyme was studied with trace level starch gel electrophoresis. The isozyme data collected twice at the same site was divided equally into 4 parts by experiment time, with 34 loci in each part and 72-180 snails at each locus. [Results] The average number of alleles per locus was 1.5-1.9 in the four sections, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 38.2% -17.6%. The average rate of heterozygosity was low: there was no significant difference between 0.0033 ~ 0.49 and Hardy-Weibull expectation. Remove the first part of the 10 loci 11 alleles, polymorphic loci dropped from 19 to 10. Five sites with more alleles had significant differences with Hardy-Weibull expectations. The genetic distances between Nei’s and Wright’s were0.030 ± 0.010 and0.044 ± 0.060, respectively. [Conclusions] 1 In the early experiments, there was an error in the initial record of the results. This error can not be repeated. Early mistakes occurred at the site of recording and at less interactive sites. However, these errors have no effect on the genetic distance. The 3 Wright’s genetic distance is used for studies in relatively close cohorts. There was no significant difference in the Nei’s genetic distance among the 4 parts. The difference of the Wright’s genetic distance between the two groups was significant. The reason is that annual floods in the Yangtze River cause snail mingles in different locations. The 4 major polymorphic loci were not in the Hardy-Weibull expectation, consistent with the expected unsteady spiral population model. 5 Study Population Genetics?