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每个社会都有自身的调控机制，调节社会关系和控制社会矛盾，维系社会的生存发展。矛盾和调控互相对立又互相联系，构成社会发展的两大基本方面。历史研究从唯物史观出发，既要分析社会矛盾一面，也要研究社会的调控机制的另一面。国家对社会矛盾和社会关系的调控更是其中的重要研究对象。２０世纪是资本主义发展中各种矛盾最为复杂多变的历史阶段，也是资本主义的国家调控机制出现重大演化的历史时期。其中，英美具有典型意义，可分三个历史发展阶段：局部调控阶段（１９世纪末期—１９２９年），全局调控阶段（３０年代—７０年代），再调控阶段（７０年代后期—９０年代）。调控机制内容庞杂，本文篇幅有限，仅为基本历史发展过程的初步探讨。
Each society has its own regulatory mechanism to regulate social relations and control social conflicts and maintain the existence and development of society. Contradictions and regulation oppose and interrelate with each other to form the two basic aspects of social development. History studies from the historical materialism, it is necessary to analyze social contradictions, but also to study the other side of the social regulation and control mechanism. The state’s regulation of social contradictions and social relations is one of the more important research subjects. The twentieth century is the most complicated and ever-changing stage in the history of all kinds of contradictions in the development of capitalism. It is also a historical period when the capitalist national regulatory mechanism has undergone a major evolution. Among them, Anglo-American has its typical significance and can be divided into three stages of historical development: the stage of partial regulation and control (the late 19th century -1929), the stage of global regulation and control (the 1930s and 1970s) and the period of re-regulation (the late 1970s and 1990s). The regulatory mechanism is complex and the length of this article is limited, which is only a preliminary discussion on the basic historical development process.