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Objective: To investigate the relationship among glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) level, immunological classification and clinical efficacy of chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) children. Methods: The GCR level of venous blood lymphocytes was measured by receptor radioligand binding assay in 50 cases with childhood ALL and 41 normal children. The immunological classification of 32 children with ALL was analyzed by ABC immunoenzymatic method. Results: The GCR number in venous blood lymphocytes of normal children was 4651±1617 binding sites/cell. The normal range (95%) was 1482-7800 binding sites/cell. The GCR level of 50 cases with ALL (6695±5256 binding sites/cell) was significantly higher than that of the normal ones (t=2.50, P＜0.05). The GCR level of the ALL children with good prognosis was significantly higher than that of bad prognosis (t=4.39,P＜0.001). The relationship between immunological classification and GCR level of 32 cases with children ALL was as follows: GCR level of T-ALL and B-ALL were significantly lower than AUL, C-ALL and pre-B-ALL; the prognosis of T-ALL and B-ALL was also bad; the GCR level of the group with good prognosis was significantly higher than that with bad prognosis in all immunological types. Conclusion: The GCR level of the peripheral venous blood lymphocytes in children ALL may be an important biochemistry indicator and used to predict prognosis and guide combination chemotherapy. The relationship between GCR and immunological classification can be useful to the expectation of prognosis.