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目的了解苏南农村地区居民镉内暴露现状,探讨影响因素,提出镉污染控制措施。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在农村东、南、西、北、中5个方位及市区按比例抽取不同性别、年龄居民1 233人,进行问卷调查、体格检查及实验室检测。结果居民尿镉、血镉、尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷(NAG)、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)分别为(0.29±3.47)μg/g Cr、(0.54±3.08)μg/L、(8.20±1.59)U/g Cr、(126.32±2.54)μg/g Cr,并且存在剂量-效应关系。经相关性分析发现,尿镉高低与年龄、体质指数(BMI)、吸烟、家庭经济收入存在相关性;多元回归分析结果显示,年龄、吸烟为尿镉影响因素(P<0.05)。结论该地区居民体内镉暴露未超过正常参考值,控制吸烟是减少镉暴露的有效手段。
Objective To understand the status of cadmium exposure in rural areas of southern Jiangsu Province, explore the influencing factors and propose the control measures of cadmium pollution. Methods By stratified cluster sampling, 1 233 people of different genders and ages were sampled at five orientations in the east, south, west, north and middle of the rural areas and in the urban area. Questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory tests were conducted. Results The urinary cadmium, serum cadmium, urine NAG and β2 microglobulin were (0.29 ± 3.47) μg / g Cr, (0.54 ± 3.08) μg /L, (8.20 ± 1.59) U / g Cr, (126.32 ± 2.54) μg / g Cr, and there is a dose-effect relationship. Correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between urinary cadmium level and age, body mass index (BMI), smoking and family income. Multiple regression analysis showed that age and smoking were the influencing factors of urinary cadmium (P <0.05). Conclusion Cadmium exposure did not exceed the normal reference values in the residents of the region. Controlling smoking is an effective means of reducing cadmium exposure.