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目的探讨涟源市2001-2007年人间狂犬病发病的流行规律,为制定人间狂犬病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2001-2007年涟源市疫情资料及狂犬病人的流行病学调查资料进行流行病学的现况分析。结果2001-2007年涟源市共报告狂犬病77例,病死率为100%。病例以男性为主,占61.03%(47例),男女比例为1:0.64;发病年龄最大为70岁,最小为2岁,以5～、10～岁年龄组发病最多,分别占16.88%(13例)。病人职业以农民为主,占49.4%(38例),其次是儿童及学生,占46.8%(36例)。病例主要集中在7-12月,占病例总数的77.92%(60例)。犬伤感染者71例(92.21%),通过猫伤感染者5例(6.49%)。伤口未作处理或未规范处理者69例,占89.61%,伤口经规范处理8例,占10.39%。伤后未接种人用狂犬病疫苗及抗狂犬病血清者66例(85.71%),接种者11例(14.29%)。接种者中有3例(3.40%)全程注射了人用狂犬病疫苗,且有1例合并注射了抗狂犬病血清,8例(10.39%)没完成全程免疫。结论涟源市近年养犬数量增加,犬免疫接种率低、暴露后未能进行及时规范的预防处理是狂犬病疫情回升的主要原因。各相关部门应切实负起责任,加强犬类管理,加大狂犬病健康教育力度,迅速控制狂犬病上升趋势,确保人民群众的生命安全。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of human rabies in Lianyuan City from 2001 to 2007 and provide scientific evidence for the development of human rabies prevention and control strategies. Methods The epidemiological data of epidemic situation in Lianyuan City from 2001 to 2007 and the epidemiological investigation data of rabies patients were collected. Results In 2001-2007, a total of 77 rabies cases were reported in Lianyuan City, with a case fatality rate of 100%. The cases were predominantly male, accounting for 61.03% (47 cases), the ratio of male to female was 1: 0.64. The onset age was 70 years old, the minimum was 2 years old, and the incidence was 5 to 10 years old, accounting for 16.88% 13 cases). The occupations of the patients were mainly peasants, accounting for 49.4% (38 cases), followed by children and students, accounting for 46.8% (36 cases). The cases mainly concentrated in July-December, accounting for 77.92% (60 cases) of the total number of cases. There were 71 cases of dog infection (92.21%) and 5 cases (6.49%) of cat infections. 69 cases were not treated or not treated, accounting for 89.61%. The wounds were treated by standard treatment in 8 cases, accounting for 10.39%. 66 cases (85.71%) did not receive rabies vaccine and anti-rabies serum after vaccination, and 11 cases (14.29%) vaccinated. Inoculation of 3 (3.40%) were injected with rabies vaccine for the whole course, and 1 case was injected with anti-rabies serum, 8 cases (10.39%) did not complete the whole immune. Conclusion Lianyuan City, the number of dogs in recent years increased, the dog immunization rate is low, after the exposure failed to regulate the timely prevention and treatment is the main reason for the rise of rabies epidemic. All relevant departments should effectively assume their responsibilities, strengthen dog management, increase the health education of rabies, and rapidly control the upward trend of rabies so as to ensure the safety of people’s lives.