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本文借助现有文献和中国城乡住户抽样调查统计说明,中国的食品和能源价格上涨幅度虽然低于国际市场,但已对低收入住户的家计造成冲击。城市低收入户用低价食品替代高价食品;农户实际消费总支出降低,恩格尔系数增大,衣着和燃料支出比重减少。农户的膳食更加不均衡,贫困群体的营养不足状况加剧。因此,需要全社会共同行动,由政府采取应急措施,停止补贴以食品为原料的生物能源企业,瞄准贫困人口实施食品救助。需要采取的中长期策略是,遏制垄断,改善竞争环境,消除食品和能源价格扭曲。长期改革政策在于,调整社会结构,校正要素价格形成机制,转变经济增长方式。
Based on the available literature and the sample survey of urban and rural households in China, this article shows that although the rate of increase in food and energy prices in China is lower than that in the international market, it has already caused an impact on the household income of low-income households. Low-income urban households use low-cost food instead of high-priced foods; The actual expenditure of farmers is reduced, the Engel’s coefficient is increased, and the proportion of clothing and fuel consumption is reduced. Farmers’ diets are even more uneven, and undernutrition among the poor is aggravating. Therefore, it is necessary for the whole society to take joint action and the government should take emergency measures to stop subsidizing food-based bioenergy enterprises and target poor people to implement food aid. The long-term strategy that needs to be taken is to curb monopoly, improve the competitive environment and eliminate the distortion of food and energy prices. The long-term policy of reform lies in adjusting the social structure, correcting the formation mechanism of factor prices and transforming the mode of economic growth.