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目的掌握石家庄市2008-2014年狂犬病的流行特征。方法收集2008-2014年石家庄市狂犬病疫情及监测资料,对流行特点及相关因素进行分析。结果 2008-2014年石家庄市确诊狂犬病病例共91例,男女性别比为2.96∶1,40~、50~、60~岁年龄组发病居多;以农民为主,占发病总数的84.61%;发病集中于5-11月,占全年病例数的76.92%;病例大部分发生在农村县(区)。潜伏期长短与损伤部位有关,头部损伤者潜伏期最短。暴露后,53.01%的病例未进行任何处置。病例Ⅱ级暴露后75%未全程接种疫苗、Ⅲ级暴露后未同时注射抗血清和狂犬病疫苗。病例致伤动物均为犬只,仅1.20%的犬只注射了动物狂犬病疫苗。结论石家庄市狂犬病流行特征夏秋季为高发期,男性、农民、>40岁为重点人群。暴露后预防治疗的处理率低、暴露后未规范处置、伤人犬只免疫率低是狂犬病发病的相关因素。
Objective To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Shijiazhuang from 2008 to 2014. Methods The epidemic situation and surveillance data of rabies in Shijiazhuang from 2008 to 2014 were collected to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and related factors. Results A total of 91 cases of rabies were diagnosed in Shijiazhuang during 2008-2014. The male-to-female sex ratio was 2.96: 1, 40 ~, 50 ~, mostly in the 60 ~ age group. The majority of cases were peasants, accounting for 84.61% of the total. From May to November, accounting for 76.92% of the total number of cases in the year; most of the cases occurred in rural counties (districts). The length of the incubation period is related to the site of injury and the shortest incubation period for the head injury. After exposure, 53.01% of the cases did not receive any treatment. 75% of cases did not receive full vaccination after grade II, and no antisera and rabies vaccine were injected simultaneously after grade III exposure. Cases of animal injuries were dogs, only 1.20% of dogs injected with animal rabies vaccine. Conclusions The epidemic characteristics of rabies in Shijiazhuang are the high incidence of summer, autumn, male and peasants. Post-exposure prophylaxis treatment rate is low, the standard treatment is not exposed after exposure, the low rate of vaccination of dogs is related to the incidence of rabies.