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为研究套种与直播两种种植方式对夏玉米光合生产特征和光温资源利用的影响,选取郑单958和登海661为研究对象,设置3个播期,密度为67500株.hm-2,以地上干物质积累量和作物生长速率、叶面积指数、穗位叶的单叶光合速率来评价夏玉米的光合生产特征;以Richards模型拟合籽粒灌浆过程;结合气象数据计算夏玉米光能利用率.结果表明:直播处理比套种处理籽粒产量增加1.17%～3.33%(P<0.05),但千粒重显著降低;生育期随播期提前而延长;直播条件下叶面积指数和单叶光合速率在灌浆前期显著高于套种,但灌浆后期下降较快;与套种相比,直播开花前和开花后具有较高的干物质积累量和较快的作物生长速率.Richards模型解析表明,直播处理达到最大灌浆速率的时间明显早于套种,起始势较套种高,但灌浆期、活跃灌浆期和灌浆速率最大时的生长量均低于套种;与套种相比,直播处理生育期间总积温和总辐射量分别减少150～350℃.d和200～400MJ.m-2,但籽粒光能利用率较套种提高10.5%～24.7%.因此,直播较套种有优势,在夏玉米大田生产条件下,重视叶片的光合生产特征,延缓叶片衰老,有利于提高夏玉米的光能利用率,进一步挖掘增产潜力.
In order to study the effects of interplanting and direct seeding on photosynthetic characteristics and utilization of light and temperature in summer maize, Zhengdan958 and Denghai661 were selected as research objects. Three sowing dates with a density of 67500.hm-2 The photosynthetic characteristics of summer maize were evaluated by photosynthetic characteristics of dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate, leaf area index and single leaf photosynthetic rate of ear leaf. The Richards model was used to fit the grain filling process, and the meteorological data was used to calculate the light energy utilization rate The results showed that: the direct seeding treatment increased grain yield by 1.17% -3.33% (P <0.05), but the 1000-grain weight decreased significantly; the growth stage prolonged with the sowing date ahead; the leaf area index and single leaf photosynthesis rate Compared with intercropping, intercropping had higher dry matter accumulation and faster crop growth before and after flowering.Richards model analysis showed that the maximum filling of direct seeding treatment Compared with the intercropping, the initial growth rate was earlier than the intercropping, but the growth at the filling stage, the active filling stage and the maximum filling rate were lower than the intercropping. Compared with intercropping, The total accumulated temperature and the total amount of radiation decreased by 150-350 ℃ and 200-400MJ · m-2, respectively, but the light utilization efficiency of grain was increased by 10.5% ~ 24.7% Maize field production conditions, the importance of photosynthetic characteristics of leaves, delayed leaf senescence, is conducive to improving the utilization of summer corn light energy and further tap the yield potential.