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1945年国共两党的重庆谈判,是在日本明确宣布无条件投降、中国面临着“两种前途、两种命运”的关键时刻举行的。在国共两党签署的《双十协定》中,明确提出了政治民主化、军队国家化、各党派合法平等的基本原则,其后在1946年初,国民党、共产党、民盟、青年党以及无党派人士的代表一起,在重庆召开了政治协商会议,通过和谈签订了军队国家化协议、和平建国纲领协议、政府组织协议、国民大会协议和宪法草案协议,达成了宪政的共识,这就是要改组国民党一党专制的政府,通过一部民主的宪法,用和平的方式,建立一个两院国会制、责任内阁制和省自治制度的民主宪政国家,从而为中国保障人权、走向现代文明奠定基础。
The negotiations between the KMT and the CPC in Chongqing in 1945 were held at a crucial moment when Japan explicitly announced unconditional surrender and China was facing “two future and two fates.” In the “Double-Ten Agreement” signed by the two parties, the basic principles of political democratization, nationalization of the armed forces, and lawful equality of all political parties were clearly set forth. Subsequently, in early 1946, the Kuomintang, the Communist Party, the Democratic League, the Al-Shabaab, and the nonpartisan parties People’s deputies, together held a political consultative conference in Chongqing. Through peace talks, the signing of an agreement on the nationalization of the armed forces, the agreement on peace for the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the agreement on government organizations, the agreement on the National Assembly and the draft constitution reached a consensus on constitutional government. This is to restructure the Kuomintang A one-party autocratic government, through a democratic constitution and by peaceful means, established a bicameral parliamentary system, a cabinet of responsibility and a democratic constitutional government with a provincial autonomy system so as to lay the foundation for China to safeguard human rights and move toward modern civilization.