论文部分内容阅读
【目的】探讨树盘施肥区域大小对氮素吸收与分配的影响以及适合桃园的施肥模式,以期为桃树栽培生产提供有益的参考。【方法】在大田栽培条件下,以2年生“春雪”桃为试材,以主干为中心,在水平方向把树盘均匀分为东西南北4个区,设置1/4、2/4、3/4、4/4根区施肥以及固定根区施肥和根区交替施肥,以不施肥处理为对照,共7个处理。生长季定期测定桃树干茎,试验结束时,破坏性整株取样,解析为各施肥区与非施肥区对应的地上部和地下部,地上部解析为对应根区的枝、叶和干;地下部解析为对应根区的粗根(直径>0.2 cm)和细根(直径≤0.2cm),烘干后测定各部分干重。应用15N同位素示踪技术,研究树盘施肥区域大小对15N吸收利用及桃幼树生长的影响。【结果】4/4根区(全树盘)施肥氮肥吸收利用率为4.16%,分别为1/4、2/4、3/4根区施肥的3.62倍、1.65倍和1.24倍;固定根区施肥氮肥吸收利用率是根区交替施肥的1.24倍。局部施肥处理,施肥区根系的Ndff值高于非施肥区根系的Ndff,差异显著;施肥区根系的15N分配率高于非施肥区根系的15N分配率,差异显著;施肥区对应的地上部新生器官的15N分配率和Ndff值与非施肥区对应的地上部新生器官的15N分配率和Ndff值均无显著差异。施肥区的根系总干重均小于非施肥区根系的总干重。总体以全树盘施肥处理植株生长速率最大,4/4根区(全树盘)施肥植株生长速率为0.57 cm/month,分别为1/4、2/4、3/4根区施肥的1.19倍、1.14倍和1.04倍;根区固定施肥与根区交替施肥处理植株生长速率无显著差异。【结论】全树盘施肥氮肥吸收利用率最高,植株生长速率最大,即均匀施肥有利于桃幼树对养分的吸收利用,利于桃幼树形态建成,促进树体生长发育。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the effect of fertilization area size on the nitrogen uptake and distribution and the fertilization mode suitable for Taoyuan, in order to provide useful reference for peach cultivation. 【Method】 Two-year-old “Chunxue” peaches were used as test materials and the trunk was taken as the center to divide the tree plate horizontally into four areas of east, west, south and north, , 3/4, 4/4 root zone fertilization and fixed root zone fertilization and root zone alternate fertilization, with no fertilization as a control, a total of seven treatments. During the growing season, the stems of peach trees were measured regularly. At the end of the experiment, the destructive whole plants were sampled and resolved into above-ground parts and below-ground parts corresponding to the fertilization and non-fertilization areas. The aboveground parts were resolved into branches, leaves and stems corresponding to the root zone. Department of the root area corresponding to the analysis of coarse roots (diameter> 0.2 cm) and fine roots (diameter ≤ 0.2cm), after drying to determine the dry weight of each part. 15N isotope tracing technique was used to study the effects of fertilization zone size on the absorption and utilization of 15N and the growth of young peach trees. 【Result】 The results showed that the uptake and utilization rate of fertilizing nitrogen fertilizer in 4/4 root zone (whole tree plate) was 4.16%, which was 3.62 times, 1.65 times and 1.24 times higher than that of 1/4, 2/4 and 3/4, respectively. District fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of 1.24 times the root zone alternate fertilization. Compared with the non-fertilization zone, the Ndff value in the root zone of the fertilization zone was significantly higher than that in the non-fertilization zone. The distribution rate of 15N in the fertilization zone was higher than that in the non-fertilization zone, and the difference was significant. The aboveground freshmen There was no significant difference in the 15N distribution rate and Ndff value between the 15N allocation rate and the Ndff value of organs, and the 15N allocation rate and Ndff value of aboveground fresh organs corresponding to non-fertilization areas. The total dry weight of roots in the fertilization area was less than the total dry weight of the roots in the non-fertilization area. The growth rate of the whole plant was the highest with the whole-tree fertilization, and the growth rate was 0.57 cm / month in 4/4 root zone (full tree-plate) fertilization, which were respectively 1. 4, 2/4 and 3. 4 Times, 1.14 times and 1.04 times; root zone fixed fertilization and root zone alternate fertilization treatment plant growth rate no significant difference. 【Conclusion】 All-tree fertilization has the highest absorption and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and the highest growth rate of plants. That is, uniform fertilization is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrients by young trees, which is conducive to the morphological establishment of young trees and the promotion of tree growth and development.