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本研究探讨不同施肥量对马铃薯块茎品质的影响,在陕北地区马铃薯栽培过程中选择合理的施肥量,为该地区优质马铃薯生产提供基础数据。采用随机区块组合的田间试验,由5个处理组成,分别为:(1)CK为对照组,不施肥处理;(2)T1处理施N-P-K量(N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha)分别为80-60-100;(3)T2处理施N-P-K量(N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha)分别为160-120-200;(4)T3处理施N-P-K量(N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha)分别为240-180-300;(5)T4处理施N-P-K量(N-P2O5-K2O kg/ha)分别为320-240-400。采用主成分分析法对马铃薯7项品质指标(分别是单株块茎重量,大块茎重量,商品薯重量,以及粗蛋白质,还原糖,淀粉和维生素C含量)进行综合评价,提出相对较优的施肥量。研究表明,施肥量对马铃薯块茎品质有显著影响,马铃薯块茎淀粉含量、维生素C含量、还原糖含量和质量分级均随着施肥量的增加而增加,但施肥量过多,品质和质量分级出现下降趋势。通过主成分分析提取2个主成分,T3处理得分最高,因此,在陕北地区推荐T3处理的施肥量。
In this study, the effects of different fertilizers on potato tuber quality were studied. The reasonable amount of fertilizers in potato cultivation in northern Shaanxi Province was provided to provide the basic data for potato production in this area. Field experiments using random block combinations consisted of five treatments: (1) CK as control, without fertilization treatment; (2) N-P2O5-K2O kg / ha under T1 treatment was 80-60-100; (3) NPK amount (N-P2O5-K2O kg / ha) of T2 treatment was 160-120-200, respectively; (4) Which are respectively 240-180-300; (5) The amount of NPK applied by T4 treatment (N-P2O5-K2O kg / ha) is 320-240-400. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate seven quality indicators of potato (tuber weight per plant, tuber weight, potato weight, crude protein, reducing sugar, starch and vitamin C content) the amount. The results showed that the amount of fertilizers had a significant effect on potato tuber quality. The starch content, vitamin C content, reducing sugar content and mass fraction of potato tuber all increased with the increase of fertilization amount, but the amount of fertilizers was excessive and the quality and quality grade decreased trend. Two principal components were extracted by principal component analysis, and the T3 treatment had the highest score. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer applied by T3 was recommended in northern Shaanxi.