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马克思恩格斯在19世纪创立了历史唯物主义学说,并把生产力是社会发展的最终决定力量的观点作为全部历史观的基石。20世纪末期,邓小平同志在建设有中国特色社会主义的实践当中,进一步发展了这个理论。概括地说,邓小平对马克思主义生产力理论的发展主要表现在以下三个方面: 一、提出了“科学技术是第一生产力”的观点,使 人们对生产力结构的理解更深刻、更全面 长期以来,人们对生产力的结构只是从劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象三要素上去理解,在理论概括上忽视了科学技术这一重要因素。马克思在论述生产力结构问题时,既谈到劳动者这个人的要素,又谈到生产工具和社会生产分工这些物的方面的要素。同时,他还强调了科学技术在生产力结构中的特殊地位和作用,认为科学是“一般生产力”,“生产力也包括科学”。因此,社会生产力的基本结构要素应包括:主体性要素,即直接参与生产过程的劳动者,包括体力劳动者和脑力劳动者;客体性要素或曰实体性要素,即以生产工具为主要标志的生产资料;结合性要素,即生产过程的社会结合,主要指生产分工与协作方式,以及劳动的组织和管理;渗透性要素或智能性要素,即渗透于上述三种要素之中并发挥越来越大作用的科学技术。邓小平同志对马克思关于生产力和科学技术关系的原理作了
Marx and Engels founded the historical materialism in the 19th century and regarded the view that productivity is the ultimate decisive force for social development as the cornerstone of all historical views. In the late 20th century, Comrade Deng Xiaoping further developed this theory in the practice of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. In a nutshell, Deng Xiaoping’s development of Marxist theory of productivity is mainly manifested in the following three aspects: First, it puts forward the view that science and technology are primary productive forces, so that people can understand the structure of productive forces more profoundly and comprehensively For a long time, The structure of the productive forces of people merely understands the three elements of the laborer, the labor data and the labor object, ignoring the important factor of science and technology in the theoretical summary. In discussing the issue of the structure of productive forces, Marx talked about the elements of the worker as well as the elements of the production tools and the division of labor in social production. At the same time, he also emphasized the special status and role of science and technology in the structure of productive forces. He considered science as “general productivity” and “productivity as including science.” Therefore, the basic structural elements of social productive forces should include: subjectivity elements, that is, workers who directly participate in the production process, including manual workers and mental workers; objective factors or substantive elements, that is, production tools as the main symbol Means of production; the combination of elements, that is, the social combination of the production process, mainly refers to the production division and collaboration, as well as the organization and management of labor; permeability or intelligence elements that infiltrate the above three elements and play The greater the role of science and technology. Comrade Deng Xiaoping made the Marxist principle on the relationship between productive forces and science and technology