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司马迁所著的《史记》,在我国古代史书中,除了有通史的特点之外,另一特点是写当代史甚详。他记汉以前的历史,较为简略,且是吸收前人的成果,主要是根据《诗》、《书》、《左传》、《国语》、《战国策》、《秦记》等等古籍和历史传说,进行整理,编写起来的。他写当代史,不仅较为详细,而且完全是创作。班氏父子提到;“迁之所记,从汉元至武以绝,则其功也。”“司马迁据《左氏》、《国语》,采《世本》、《战国策》,述《楚汉春秋》,接其后事,讫于天汉,其言秦汉,详矣。”刘知几也说:“然迁虽叙三千年事,其间详备者,唯汉兴七十余载而已。”这些说明,司马迁的《史记》记当代史详而有功。但是,以往学者只是推许司马迁详写当代史之功,而很少予以具体分析研究。看来,这个问题是有必要探讨一下的。
Sima Qian’s “Historical Records”, in ancient Chinese history books, in addition to the characteristics of general history, another feature is the history of contemporary write very detailed. His history before the Han dynasty was relatively simple and absorbed the fruits of his predecessors, mainly based on ancient books such as “Shi”, “Book”, “Zuo Zhuan”, “Mandarin”, “Warring States” and “Qin Ji” And historical legends, finishing, compiled up. He wrote contemporary history, not only in more detail but also entirely in creation. Ban’s father and son mentioned; “Moved to the record, from Han to Wu must, but also their merits.” “Sima Qian According to” Zuo “,” Mandarin “,” world “,” “,” Chu Chun Chunqiu “, take its aftermath, arrived in the days of Han and Han Dynasties, its words Qin and Han, in detail. ” Liu Zhiji also said: “Although the move to mention three thousand years, More than seventy years only. ”These instructions, Sima Qian’s“ Historical Records ”in the contemporary history of the more detailed and meritorious. However, in the past, scholars only pushed Sima Qian to write about the achievements of contemporary history and seldom did any concrete analysis and research. It seems that this issue is necessary to explore.