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美国“页岩气革命”令中国鼓舞。但中国与美国相比,开发页岩气有三大困难:能源体制、地质条件和技术问题。根据国际能源署资料,以目前的天然气消费量,常规天然气储量可用120多年,加上非常规天然气,可用250年。进入21世纪后,美国页岩气为主的非常规天然气开采迅猛发展。特别是2007年后在常规天然气产量持续下降的情况下,由于以页岩气为主的非常规天然气产量增长使美国的天然气产量不断上升(如图1所示)。美国在2009年已经
The United States “shale gas revolution” inspired China. However, compared with the United States, China has three major difficulties in developing shale gas: the energy system, geological conditions and technical issues. According to IEA sources, at conventional gas consumption, conventional gas reserves are available for more than 120 years, plus unconventional gas for 250 years. Into the 21st century, the United States shale gas-based unconventional natural gas exploitation of rapid development. In particular, natural gas production in the United States will continue to increase after 2007 due to the continuous decline in conventional natural gas production (as shown in Figure 1) due to the increase in production of unconventional natural gas mainly from shale gas. The United States already has 2009