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目的分析2013-2015年吉林省诺如病毒胃肠炎的流行病学特征和规律,并针对疫情防控提出措施和建议。方法对2013-2015年吉林省监测的疑似病毒性腹泻病例进行描述性分析和统计学检验。结果 2013-2015年吉林省共报告疑似病毒性腹泻病例2489例,389例检出诺如病毒核酸阳性,阳性率为15.63%。其中16例检出诺如病毒GⅠ组,371例检出GⅡ组,2例同时检出GⅠ组和GⅡ组,GⅠ组检出率为0.72%(18/2489),GⅡ组检出率为14.99%(373/2489)。2015年诺如病毒检出率(17.26%)高于2013年(P=0.030),第一、二季度的检出率(31.00%、18.66%)高于第三、四季度(P=0.000),12月至次年5月诺如病毒的检出率依次为27.59%、30.22%、36.36%、27.39%、25.33%和19.70%,高于其他月份。不同性别(P=0.374)、城市和农村(P=0.122)的诺如病毒检出率差异无统计学意义。不同年龄组诺如病毒检出率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),85岁以上和5岁以下年龄组检出率较高,分别为22.73%和18.90%。商业服务(44.44%)和儿童(18.11%)检出率较高。结论 2013年以来吉林省诺如病毒检出率呈逐年升高趋势,第一、二季度检出率高于第三、四季度,以诺如病毒GⅡ组占优势,85岁以上和5岁以下年龄组,商业服务人员和儿童易受诺如病毒感染。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and regularity of norovirus gastroenteritis in Jilin province from 2013 to 2015 and to put forward the measures and suggestions for the prevention and control of epidemic situation. Methods Descriptive analysis and statistical tests were performed on suspected viral diarrhea cases monitored in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2015. Results A total of 2489 cases of suspected viral diarrhea were reported in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2015, and 389 cases were positive for Norovirus nucleic acid. The positive rate was 15.63%. Among them, 16 cases of Norovirus were detected in GⅠ group, 371 cases of G Ⅱ group were detected, 2 cases of GⅠ and GⅡ were detected simultaneously, the detection rate was 0.72% (18/2489) in GⅠ group and 14.99 % (373/2489). The detection rate of norovirus in 2015 was higher than that in 2013 (P = 0.030), the detection rate in the first and second quarters (31.00%, 18.66%) was higher than that in the third and fourth quarters (P = 0.000) The detection rates of Norovirus from December to May were 27.59%, 30.22%, 36.36%, 27.39%, 25.33% and 19.70% respectively, higher than the other months. There was no significant difference in the norovirus detection rates between urban and rural areas (P = 0.122) by sex (P = 0.374). The detection rates of norovirus in different age groups were significantly different (P = 0.001). The detection rates of age group over 85 years old and younger than 5 years old were 22.73% and 18.90% respectively. Commercial services (44.44%) and children (18.11%) had a higher detection rate. Conclusion The detection rate of Norovirus in Jilin Province has been increasing year by year since 2013, the detection rate in the first and second quarters is higher than that in the third and fourth quarters, and the Norovirus group GⅡ predominates over 85 years old and under 5 years old Age groups, commercial service workers and children are more susceptible to Norovirus infection.