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目的分析贵州省2011-2015年流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)的流行病学特征,为乙脑防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对贵州省2011-2015年乙脑发病数据资料进行分析。结果贵州省2011-2015年乙脑年平均报告发病率0.3355/10万,年发病率呈逐年下降趋势;病例高度散发,覆盖范围逐年缩小,相对集中在贵州省的西部和西南部地区;乙脑发病季节性明显,8月达到高峰;仍以小年龄儿童发病为主,15岁以下儿童占90%以上,但8月龄~5岁组病例所占比例呈逐年下降趋势,≥15岁组病例构成比呈逐年上升趋势;职业分布以散居儿童(58.12%)和学生(34.19%)为主;乙脑病例中有免疫史的比例呈上升趋势。结论贵州省2011-2015年乙脑防控效果明显;乙脑病例分布具有一定区域性,发病年龄以小年龄儿童为主,但出现年龄后移趋势。应进一步采取以接种乙脑疫苗为主的综合性防控措施;结合各地监测情况,针对高发地区和重点人群制定有效的防控策略。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) from 2011 to 2015 in Guizhou Province and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of JE. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the data of Japanese encephalitis in 2011-2015 in Guizhou province. Results The average annual incidence of Japanese encephalitis in 2011-2015 in Guizhou Province was 0.3355 / 100 000, the annual incidence rate showed a declining trend year by year. The cases were highly distributed and the scope of coverage decreased year by year, which was relatively concentrated in the western and southwestern regions of Guizhou Province. The onset of seasonal obvious, peaked in August; the incidence of children is still small, mainly children under the age of 15 accounted for more than 90%, but the proportion of cases aged 8 months to 5 years showed a declining trend, ≥ 15 years old cases The proportions of the occupational groups showed an upward trend year by year. The occupational distribution was mainly composed of scattered children (58.12%) and students (34.19%). The proportion of cases with JE immunization history showed an upward trend. Conclusion The prevention and control of JE in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2015 are obvious. The distribution of JE has certain regional distribution. The onset age is dominated by young children, but the trend of age is backward. We should further take the comprehensive prevention and control measures mainly based on the inoculation of JE vaccine. Combine with the monitoring in various places, we should formulate effective prevention and control strategies for high incidence areas and key populations.