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噶尔丹的一生兼有多重身份,既是僧俗领袖,又是蒙古民族历史人物。他生活在一个动荡转型的时代,他的部族活动于具重要战略地位的欧亚大陆交通要道,他所在的部族也处于不断地分分合合中。历史又将噶尔丹推向中央正统王朝清王朝的对立面,而对历史人物的评价在很长一个历史时期都以阶级分析法居主流,这诸多因素把噶尔丹推到了历史的罪人一边。现在,尽管我们的研究方法更趋于科学化,但是对噶尔丹的历史结论并没有进行完整意义上的新的认识。受到史料、研究方法、认识水平等等诸因素的影响,对噶尔丹的全面认识还需要做多方面的工作,本文是这个尝试的第一步。
Galdan’s life has multiple identities, both monks and lay leaders, but also Mongolian national historical figures. He lived in a time of turmoil and transformation. His tribal activities were mainly on the strategic routes of Eurasia with an important strategic position. His tribe was also constantly divided and united. History once again pushed Galdan to the opposite of the Central Orthodox Dynasty, while the evaluation of historical figures in a long historical period dominated by class analysis. These many factors pushed Galdan to the sinners of history. Now, despite the fact that our research methods are more scientific, there is no complete new understanding of Galdan’s historical conclusions. Due to the influence of various factors such as historical data, research methods, level of knowledge and so on, the comprehensive understanding of Galdan still needs to do a great deal of work. This article is the first step of this attempt.