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以平展型品种沈单 16 和紧凑型品种先玉 335 为试验材料，研究了露地栽培和地膜覆盖对不同株型品种产量、降水利用效率以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，不同降水年型对不同株型品种土壤水分和耗水量有不同影响，降水年型不同造成光照程度、气温不同年型波动较大。平展型品种露地产量丰水年较平水年增加 31.0 %，地膜覆盖产量丰水年较平水年增加 10.6 %。紧凑型品种露地栽培产量丰水年较平水年增加 7.4 %，地膜覆盖产量丰水年较平水年增加 1.2 %。露地栽培模式下平展型品种受降水、光照、气温等影响产量不同年型有较大波动，而平水年产量下降明显，紧凑型品种不同年型产量波动相对较小，地膜覆盖模式下 2 种株型品种均体现出较好的稳产性。因此，不同株型春玉米种植地膜覆盖模式能够阻止土壤水分蒸发，有效的蓄集降水，提升降水利用效率和水分利用效率，进而增加产量。
The effects of open field cultivation and plastic film mulching on the yield, precipitation utilization efficiency and water use efficiency of different plant types were studied with the flat variety Shendan16 and the compact variety Xianyu35 as test materials. The results showed that different years of precipitation had different effects on soil moisture and water consumption of different plant types. Different types of precipitation led to different degrees of illumination, and the temperature varied greatly in different years. The open-water yield of flat-type varieties increased by 31.0% in comparison with that in flat-water years, and the wet-film mulching production increased by 10.6% compared with that of flat water. The cultivars with compact cultivars in open-field cultivation increased by 7.4% in wet years compared with that in flat and wetlands, and the mulching yield increased by 1.2% in wet years. Under open field cultivation, the yield of flat-typed varieties affected by precipitation, light and air temperature fluctuated greatly in different years, while the output in flat-water decreased significantly. The fluctuation of annual yield in compact-typed varieties was relatively small. All varieties showed better stability. Therefore, the plastic film mulching patterns of different types of spring maize planting can prevent soil water evaporation, effectively accumulate precipitation, enhance precipitation utilization efficiency and water use efficiency, and further increase yield.