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马克思创立的劳动价值论是建立在社会平均劳动时间水平的存在这一假设基础上的。在这一前提下,一个商品的价值就等于生产这一商品所消耗的个体劳动所凝聚的劳动价值,从而导出劳动创造价值这一科学结论,并由此建立了劳动价值论和整个马克思主义政治经济学。马克思将社会平均劳动时间水平的存在作为劳动价值论的基础,我们认为,那是他巳清楚地意识到:一个商品的真正的在社会上的价值与该商品所耗费的个体劳动所结成的劳动价值,是有区别的,不是同一的东西。前者属于市场的范畴,受市场供求关系、个人偏好及社会时尚的影响,是一个变数;后者是属于私人劳动的范畴,是一个体劳动在该商品上的实实在在的劳动消耗,是不变的定数。与此同时,马克思也最明白,他要论及的、也是人们通常所指的价值是前者而不是后者。因此,他要得出是劳动创造了价值这一结论,就必须使前者与后者保持质和量的一致,即使前者有变化也不能让人认为是市场因素引致的。由于市场与价值的关系确很密切,客观存在,那么为了达到上面的目的,只有要么不顾现实硬性抽
The labor theory of value founded by Marx is based on the assumption that the average level of labor time in society is present. Under this premise, the value of a commodity is equal to the labor value embodied by the individual labor consumed in the production of this commodity, which leads to the scientific conclusion that labor creates value and thus establishes the labor theory of value and the entire Marxist politics economics. Marx regarded the existence of the average level of labor time in society as the basis of labor theory of value, and we think it is clear to him that the true social value of a commodity is formed by the individual labor consumed by the commodity Labor value is different and not the same thing. The former belongs to the category of market and is affected by the market supply and demand, personal preference and social fashion, which is a variable; the latter belongs to the category of private labor and is the actual labor consumption of a commodity in the commodity and is not Change the fixed number. At the same time, Marx most clearly understands that what he is going to discuss is also what people usually refer to as the former rather than the latter. Therefore, he must come to the conclusion that labor creates value, and that the former must be consistent with the latter in quality and quantity. Even if the former changes, it can not be regarded as a market factor. Because the relationship between the market and the value is very close, objective existence, then in order to achieve the above purpose, only or regardless of the actual hard-pumping