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1 前言 1995年在哥德堡举行的第五届世界田径锦标赛上,乌克兰选手克拉维茨在女子三级跳远决赛中,凭藉其出色的弹跳和三跳节奏,一举跳出15.50m的世界新纪录。随着世界女子三级跳远运动水平的迅速提高,对该项目运动员的速度和力量能力有了新的要求。在现代三级跳远运动中,速度的作用已越来越受到广大教练员、运动员的重视。我们认为:运动员助跑速度的快慢,三跳水平速度损失的多少,对运动成绩起着非常重要的作用。因此具有良好助跑速度能力是三级跳远运动员的一个明显特点。然而,运动员在发挥已有助跑速度的基础上,如何合理运用水平速度,如何在三跳中减少水平速度的损失对提高运动成绩同样重要。为了尽量减少三跳水平速度的损失,运动员踏跳的快速力量能力就成了教练员、运动员训练方案中的一个重要组成部分。提高快速力量的训练方法很多,本文着重就跳深练习对发展女子三级跳远运动员快速力量的作用进行研究,以有助于训练方法的进一步改进。
1 Foreword At the Fifth World Athletics Championships in Gothenburg in 1995, Ukrainian player Klawitz jumped to a new world record of 15.50m with his excellent bounce and triple-jump in the women’s triple jump final. With the rapid increase of the level of the world women’s triple jump, new requirements have been placed on the speed and strength of the athletes. In the modern triple jump exercise, the role of speed has been more and more the majority of coaches, athletes attention. In our opinion, the speed of athlete’s running speed and the loss of horizontal speed of three-jumps play a very important role in sports performance. Therefore, a good ability to run speed is a clear feature of triple jump athletes. However, on the basis of exerting the running speed already, how to use the horizontal speed reasonably and how to reduce the horizontal speed loss in three jumps are also important to improve the performance of sports. In order to minimize the loss of the horizontal speed of three jumps, the rapid strength ability of the athlete jumping jump becomes an important part of the coach and athlete training programs. There are many training methods to improve rapid strength. This article focuses on the study of the effect of deep jump practice on the rapid strength of the development of female triple jumpers to help further improve the training methods.