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利用渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲30个观测井近10a的统计资料,分析了该三角洲地下水位和水质的时空变化特征及其成因。结果显示:(1)地下水埋深的基本规律是西部灌区、渭干河古河带和冲积扇上部地下水位较深,东部灌区、农牧交错带和冲积扇下部地下水位较浅;研究区地下水海拔高程自南向北升高;地下水埋深受制于局部地形和土地利用方式,与区域地势关系不大。(2)近10 a来,研究区地下水位下降了1.00 m,西部灌区下降了1.34 m,农牧交错带下降了0.41 m;矿化度平均降低了0.54 g/L,农牧交错带降低了1.36 g/L,渭干河古河带矿化度升高了0.43 g/L。(3)研究区年内最高地下水位和最低水位平均相差0.84 m,冲积扇中部相差1.04 m,冲积扇上部相差0.73 m,2月出现最低水位,4月出现最高水位;地下水质年内最高和最低矿化度季节相差0.21 g/L,冲积扇下部0.51 g/L,中部为0.17 g/L。(4)人类农业生产活动和蒸发作用是地下水埋深及水质时空变化的主要原因;研究区骨干排水沟渠的开通运行,降低了相应地域的地下水位和矿化度。
Based on the statistical data of 30 observation wells in Weigan-Kuqa River Delta oasis, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of groundwater level and water quality in this delta and their causes were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The basic rule of groundwater depth is that the groundwater table in the western irrigation district, the Weigan River and the alluvial fan is deep, and the groundwater table in the east irrigation area, pastoral zone and alluvial fan is relatively shallow. The groundwater elevation Elevation increased from south to north; groundwater depth is subject to local topography and land use patterns, and has little to do with the regional topography. (2) In the past 10 years, the groundwater table dropped 1.00 m in the study area, 1.34 m in the western irrigation area, and 0.41 m in the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry. The average salinity decreased by 0.54 g / L, and the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry decreased 1.36 g / L. The mineralization of the ancient river belts in Weigan River increased by 0.43 g / L. (3) The maximum difference between the maximum groundwater level and the minimum water level in the study area was 0.84 m during the year, with a difference of 1.04 m in the middle of the alluvial fan, a difference of 0.73 m in the upper part of the alluvial fan, the lowest water level in February and the highest water level in April; The difference in season is 0.21 g / L, 0.51 g / L in the lower alluvial fan and 0.17 g / L in the middle. (4) Human agricultural production and evaporation are the main reasons for the temporal and spatial variation of groundwater depth and water quality. The opening and running of backbone drainage ditches in the study area reduced the groundwater level and salinity in the corresponding areas.