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目的探讨衢州地区2010年-2014年腹泻患者病原菌的种类及流行特征,为防治工作提供依据。方法收集2010年1月-2014年12月到本院肠道门诊就诊的腹泻病人粪便标本858份,进行分离培养和菌种鉴定,并对病人临床资料进行分析。结果共有187份腹泻标本检出1种或1种以上致泻性细菌,检出率为21.79%,共分离到细菌224株。位于前3位的细菌是:变形杆菌属85株、气单胞菌属49株、副溶血性弧菌40株。有32份标本检测到2种或2种以上细菌感染,以变形杆菌和副溶血性弧菌在混合感染中检出比例最高。在不同年龄段分布中,20岁~39岁和40岁~59岁年龄段检出弧菌属偏多,而20岁~39岁年龄段沙门菌属明显偏少。肠道病原菌全年各季均有检出,6月-10月检出率较高,而弧菌和类志贺邻单胞菌的检出具有明显的季节性。结论变形杆菌属和气单胞菌属是衢州地区引起细菌性腹泻的主要病原菌,腹泻病原菌的分布与患者年龄和季节存在关联,加强对腹泻流行病学的监测和扩大监测范围对腹泻防控至关重要。
Objective To explore the types and epidemiological characteristics of pathogens in diarrhea patients in Quzhou from 2010 to 2014 and provide basis for prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 858 stool samples from diarrhea patients who visited our hospital from January 2010 to December 2014 were collected for isolation, culture and identification of strains. Clinical data of the patients were also analyzed. Results A total of 187 samples of diarrhea were detected one or more diarrhea bacteria, the detection rate was 21.79%, a total of 224 bacteria were isolated. The top three bacteria are: Proteus 85, Aeromonas 49, 40 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. 32 samples detected two or more bacterial infections, Proteus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus detected the highest proportion of mixed infections. In different age distributions, Vibrio was detected in 20-39 years old and 40-59 years old group, and Salmonella genus in 20-39 years old group was less than normal. Enteric pathogens were detected in all seasons, and the detection rate was high in June-October, while the detection of Vibrio cholera and Shigella flexneri was significantly seasonal. Conclusions Proteus and Aeromonas are the main pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial diarrhea in Quzhou. The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in diarrhea is related to the patient’s age and season, so as to strengthen the monitoring of epidemiology of diarrhea and extend the scope of monitoring to the prevention and control of diarrhea important.