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1.江淮地区小麦生长季节具有南北方气候的过渡特征,郑引一号、宁麦三号等春性品种小麦穗器官可在低温短日的越冬期间分化小穗原始体;而在春季升温不高的条件下进行小花的分化发育,因而有利于多小穗和可育小花的形成。2.郑引一号、宁麦三号等春性品种在江淮地区中等以上肥力地上,一般每穗能分化19—20个左右小穗,150—170朵小花,但由于小花发育过程中贯穿着小花退化,生产上每穗平均结实数只有30—35粒上下,仅占其总小花数的20—23%。3.小麦小花退化无论全穗或每个小穗都是从上而下进行,退化时期从中部小穗发育最早的小花形成四分体以后不久开始,到开花受精时停止。全过程分为两个阶段,第一阶段时间短,退化快,退化数占总退化小花70%左右,退化小花均未达到四分体期;第二阶段时间长,退化慢,退化数占总退化小花30%左右,退化小花均未达到柱头羽毛状。4.江淮地区选择多花高结实的优良品种,在提高施肥水平的基础上,适当降低基本苗数,并通过适期早播延长小花发育时间和利用生长激素促进小花发育,是减少基部小穗退化,提高小穗结实性从而增加穗粒数的有效途径。
1. The wheat growing season in the Yangtze-Huaihe area has the transitional features of the north and south climate. Ear organs of spring wheat varieties Zheng-Yin-1 and Ningmai-3 could differentiate spikelet protoplasm during the wintering period of low temperature and short day; while in spring, High conditions for the differentiation of floret development, which is conducive to the formation of many spikelets and fertile flowers. Zheng-1, Ningmai 3 and other spring varieties in the Jianghuai region above the fertile ground, usually spike per panicle can differentiate about 19-20, 150-170 flowers, but throughout the process of flower development throughout Floret degradation, the average yield per panicle produced only 30-35 up and down, accounting for only 20-23% of the total number of flowers. 3. Wheat floret degradation Whether the whole spike or each spike are from top to bottom, the degradation period from the ear of the earliest spikelets of the middle part of the formation of tetrad shortly after the beginning, to stop the flowering and fertilization. The whole process is divided into two stages, the first stage of time is short, rapid degradation, the number of degradation accounted for about 70% of the total florets, degenerate florets did not reach the tetrad stage; the second phase of a long time, slow degradation, About 30% of floret degeneration, floret degradation did not reach the stigma feather. 4. Jianghuai select more flowers and strong fine varieties, based on improving the level of fertilization, based on the appropriate number of basic seedlings reduced, and by early sowing to extend the early timing of flowering and development of small flowers to promote the use of growth hormone is to reduce the base spikelet Degenerate, improve spikelet solidity and thus increase the number of grains per spike effective way.