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目的了解城市老年人膳食营养状况和膳食结构模式,为今后开展社区健康教育提供基础数据。方法 2012年1月整群随机抽取福清市6个居委会,按住户分布的实际情况分为每25户1群,每个居委会随机抽取1群共6群150户,用食物频率法调查60岁以上244名老年人的上一年的各类食物摄入频率和摄入量,分别计算每日食物摄入量、每日营养素摄入量、三大营养素产能比和蛋白质来源百分比等。结果老年人每人每日谷类、鱼虾类、蛋类、大豆类及油、盐平均摄取量在推荐量范围内,蔬菜、水果类、肉类、奶类摄取量低于推荐量。60岁女性组水果、肉类、奶类摄取量明显高于70岁女性组(P<0.01);60岁男性组谷类摄入量明显高于60岁女性组(P<0.01);70岁男性组奶类摄入量明显高于70岁女性组(P<0.01);60岁总人群肉类、大豆、奶类摄取量明显高于70岁总人群(P<0.01、P<0.05)。老年人平均能量、维生素E、铁摄入量超过推荐营养素摄入量(RNI);蛋白质、维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、钙、锌、硒的平均摄入量均低于RNI/AI标准。60岁女性组热能、蛋白质、VitB2、钙、锌、硒摄入量明显高于70岁女性组(P<0.05、P<0.01);70岁男性组热能、蛋白质、VitB1、锌、硒摄入量明显高于70岁女性组(P<0.01、P<0.05;60岁总人群热能、VitB1、锌摄入量明显高于70岁总人群(P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论福清市老年人膳食结构不太合理,应控制热能摄入量,适当增加奶肉和果蔬摄入量。
Objective To understand the nutritional status and dietary patterns of the elderly in urban areas and provide basic data for community health education in the future. Methods In January 2012, a total of 6 neighborhood committees in Fuqing were randomly selected and divided into 1 group per 25 households according to the actual distribution of households. Each neighborhood committee randomly selected 1 group and 6 groups of 150 households. The food frequency method was used to investigate the age of 60 244 elderly people in the previous year, the frequency of various types of food intake and intake were calculated daily food intake, daily nutrient intake, the three major nutrient capacity ratio and the percentage of protein sources. Results The average intake of cereals, fish and shrimps, eggs, soybeans and oil per person per day in the elderly was within the recommended range. The intake of vegetables, fruits, meat and milk was lower than the recommended amount. The intake of fruits, meat and milk in 60-year-old women was significantly higher than those in 70-year-old women (P <0.01). The cereal intake of 60-year-old men was significantly higher than that of 60-year-old women (P <0.01). The intake of meat, soybeans and milk in the general population aged 60 years was significantly higher than that of the general population aged 70 years (P <0.01, P <0.05). The average intake of energy, vitamin E and iron in the elderly exceeded the recommended intake of nutrients (RNI). The average intake of protein, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, calcium, zinc and selenium was lower than that of RNI / AI standard. The intake of caloric, protein, VitB2, calcium, zinc and selenium in 60-year-old women was significantly higher than those in 70-year-old women (P <0.05, P <0.01) (P <0.01, P <0.05). The total energy consumption of the population aged 60 years, the intake of VitB1 and zinc were significantly higher than those of the general population aged 70 years (P0.01, P0.05) .Conclusion The elderly People’s diet structure is not reasonable, should control the amount of heat intake, an appropriate increase in milk and fruit and vegetable intake.