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土壤冻融是发生在中、高纬度及高海拔地区的一种常见的自然现象。冻融作用通过影响土壤物理性质及生物学性状进而对土壤氮素转化过程产生重要影响,但目前关于冻融作用对土壤氮素转化过程影响的研究结果还不尽一致,对于冻融作用下土壤微生物学特性的研究相对较少。本文着重论述了冻融作用对土壤氮素转化过程(有效氮素含量变化、氮素净矿化速率、氮素损失途径等)的影响,并对冻融作用下土壤微生物生理和代谢特性进行了归纳和总结,简要指出目前研究过程中存在的问题,并对未来研究方向提出展望。
Soil freezing and thawing is a common natural phenomenon occurring in the middle, high latitudes and at high altitudes. The freeze-thaw effect has an important effect on the soil nitrogen conversion process by affecting the physical properties and biological properties of soils. However, the current research on the effects of freeze-thaw action on the soil nitrogen transformation process is still not consistent. The study of microbiological characteristics is relatively small. This article focuses on the effects of freeze-thaw on the soil nitrogen transformation process (changes of available nitrogen, net nitrogen mineralization rate, nitrogen losses, etc.), and the physiological and metabolic characteristics of soil microbes Summarized and summarized, briefly pointed out the current problems in the research process, and put forward prospects for future research.