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在飞速变化的网络世界中,每当进行网络扩展或是为新的网络做计划时,管理者经常需要一些稳定成熟的技术。标准可以充当这个角色,但是谁来制定标准?网络协议怎样成为标准?在世界上分布了许多标准化的组织。其中有正式的标准实体,即官方设置的标准化组织,如:ITU(国际电信联盟)、ANSI(美国国家标准学会)、IEEE(电气与电子工程师协会)。也有专门技术的工业组织,如:IETF(Internet工程任务组织)和ATM论坛。无论哪个标准化组织,在验证一个推荐的协议成为标准之前,都试图在他的成员中达成一致。如在工程师们形成的IEEE中,当他们要把某一论题提交上一级组织之前,首先解决內部意见分歧。除了技术方面的原因外,有时会
In a rapidly changing networked world, managers often need some well-established technology when it comes to network expansion or planning for a new network. Standards can play this role, but who sets the standard? How do network protocols become standards? There are many standardized organizations around the world. Among them are formal standard entities, which are officially established standardization organizations such as ITU (International Telecommunication Union), ANSI (American National Standards Institute), IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). There are also specialized technical organizations such as IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) and ATM Forums. No matter which standardization body tries to reach agreement among his members before validating a recommended protocol becomes a standard. As in the IEEE formed by engineers, when they want to submit a topic to a higher level organization, the internal disagreement is first resolved. In addition to technical reasons, sometimes