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Objective: To study the relationship of the telomerase activity and the p53 gene mutation in cardiac cancer.Methods: Telomerase activity and the p53 gene mutation were detected in 46 case of cardiac cancer, peri-cancerous and 30 case of normal mucosa by TRAP-ELISA and PCR-SSCP. Results: The rate of expression of telomerase activity in cardiac cancer, peri-cancerous and normal mucosa were 82.61％ (38/46), 43.48％ (20/46) and 13.33％ (4/30) respectively. The rate of Exon5→8 of p53 gene mutation were 39.13％ (18/46), 4.35％ (2/46) and 0.00％ respectively. There was significant differ ence between group cancer and without cancer (P ＜ 0.01). Mean of (A) value of telomerase is 1.89 ± 0.41 in cancer group and were 1.49 ± 0.43, 0.54 ± 0.45 respectively in peri-canvcerous and normal mucosa, there were significant differences in cancer group and group of without cancer (P ＜ 0.05). The rate of p53 gene mutations in group of expression of telomerase activity was 44.74％ (17/38), and 12.50％ (1/8) in without expression of telomerase activity. There were significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: The rate of expression of telomerase activity and mean of (A) value of telomerase in cardiac cancer were obviously higher than without cancer, which indicating telomerase activity was closely related with the occurrence of cardiac cancer. P53 gene mutation in cardiac cancer were higher than the tissue of without cancer, and the rate of p53 gene mutation in telomerase activity were obviously higher than the group of without cancer. This shows the p53 gene mutation can loss of function of suppressing cancer and prompt telomerase activity and cause the cardiac cancer.