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目的了解农村地区既往有偿供血员艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状态暴露方式,探讨感染状态暴露对感染者个人的影响及对艾滋病防治工作的意义。方法采用定性研究方法,对HIV感染者、感染者家庭成员、村民及卫生工作者进行深入访谈,收集研究信息。结果上述4类人群每类访谈20人,共完成有效访谈79例。研究发现,HIV感染者感染状态暴露过程他们自己难以控制,会通过各种途径被动暴露。感染状态的暴露给感染者带来了正面和负面的后果:获得支持或者受到歧视。而为了获取支持,感染者不担心感染状态暴露。知晓感染状态后,绝大多数(17/20)感染者在性生活中能坚持使用安全套。结论在HIV高发的农村地区,HIV感染者感染状态的暴露难以避免。感染状态的主动暴露是HIV感染者寻求支持的方式之一,同时感染状态的暴露能降低HIV的传播。
Objective To understand the exposure mode of HIV status of formerly paid blood donors in rural areas and to explore the impact of exposure status on infected individuals and the significance of AIDS prevention and treatment. Methods Qualitative research methods were used to conduct in-depth interviews with HIV-infected persons, family members of infected persons, villagers and health workers to collect research information. Results There were 20 interviews with each of the above four groups and 79 valid interviews were completed. The study found that HIV infection status exposure process themselves difficult to control, passively exposed through various channels. Infectious conditions have positive and negative consequences for those infected: access to support or discrimination. In order to obtain support, infected people are not worried about the exposure status. Knowing the status of infection, the overwhelming majority (17/20) of infected people can stick with condoms in their sex life. Conclusion In rural areas with high incidence of HIV, the infection status of HIV-infected people is unavoidable. Active exposure of the infected state is one of the ways HIV-infected patients seek support, while exposure to the infection can reduce the spread of HIV.