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为研究当前主推早熟棉品种(系)的遗传多样性与亲缘关系,为选育优质棉花品种提供亲本来源。在石家庄市农林科学研究院试验田和辛集市马兰农场棉花天然病圃内,对来自我国不同研究单位的103份主要早熟抗虫棉花品种(系),进行8个农艺性状指标,5项品质性状等指标进行统计分析。结果表明:大多数品种(系)生育期较早,株高适中,节位较低,体现了早熟棉的典型特性。霜前籽棉、霜前皮棉、籽棉总产和皮棉总产变异系数分别为30.15%,32.35%,24.28%,29.11%,遗传变异较大,农艺性状相关性分析表明果枝数与单株铃数呈极显著正相关,株高与烂铃数呈极显著负相关,果枝节位与果枝数、单株铃数和烂铃数都呈极显著负相关,果枝铃数与铃重呈负相关。纤维长度在中长绒范围,比强度较高,马克隆值偏粗。多类型的遗传变异为进一步培育新品种和选择变异提供了丰富的物质基础。
In order to study the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the main varieties of early-maturing cotton, it is necessary to provide the parental sources for breeding high-quality cotton varieties. In the experimental field of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Research and the cotton natural nursery of Malan Farm in Xinji City, 103 agronomic traits and 5 quality traits of 103 main precocious cotton varieties (lines) from different research institutes in China were studied. Indicators for statistical analysis. The results showed that most varieties (lines) had earlier growth period, moderate plant height and lower node position, which reflected the typical characteristics of precocious cotton. The coefficient of variation of the total yield of lint before frost, before lint frost, seed cotton and lint were 30.15%, 32.35%, 24.28% and 29.11%, respectively. The genetic variation of agronomic traits showed that the number of fruit branches and the number of bolls There was a significant negative correlation between the plant height and the number of rotten bolls. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of fruiting branches and the number of fruit branches, the number of bolls per plant and the number of rotten bolls. The number of bolls was negatively correlated with boll weight. Fiber length in the long-velvet range, higher than the intensity, micronaire partial thicker. Multiple types of genetic variation provide a rich material basis for further cultivating new varieties and selecting variation.