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目的了解宁海县5岁以下儿童死亡原因变化情况。方法对2010—2015年宁海县235例5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行分析。结果 2010—2015年宁海县5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势。前3位死因依次为出生缺陷、早产和窒息。未治疗比例呈下降趋势,由2010年28.6%下降至6.06%,住院治疗和门诊治疗所占比例分别由47.6%和23.8%增至54.55%和39.39%。结论加强围产期保健管理,加强出生缺陷预防,最大限度地降低出生缺陷和早产儿的出生,提高助产服务机构的产科急救能力,规范新生儿窒息抢救技术,提高产科、儿科质量,积极开展对儿童家长和看护人的健康教育,降低婴儿特别是新生儿的死亡率,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键措施。
Objective To understand the causes of death among children under 5 years of age in Ninghai County. Methods The death data of 235 children under 5 years of age in Ninghai from 2010 to 2015 were analyzed. Results The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Ninghai County decreased from 2010 to 2015. The top three causes of death were birth defects, premature birth and asphyxia. The proportion of untreated patients showed a downward trend from 28.6% in 2010 to 6.06%, while the proportion of inpatient and inpatient treatment increased from 47.6% and 23.8% to 54.55% and 39.39% respectively. Conclusions Strengthen the management of perinatal health care, strengthen the prevention of birth defects, minimize the birth defects and the birth of premature children, improve the emergency obstetric capacity of midwifery, regulate the neonatal asphyxia and rescue techniques, improve the quality of obstetrics and gynecology, and actively carry out Health education for children’s parents and caregivers and reducing the infant and, in particular, neonatal mortality rate are key measures to reduce the under-five mortality rate.