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传统刑法学关于古代酷刑的“文化论”或“人道论”解释遮蔽了酷刑与特定社会历史条件之间的相关性。从功能论的角度,酷刑致力于创造和维护边际威慑,而这在社会普遍贫困因而犯罪和流亡的机会成本很低、国家控制犯罪的技术手段有限因而惩罚概率很低的社会条件下,显得至关重要。尤其当国家缺乏军事自信时,酷刑就优先被用来威慑比普通刑事犯罪严重得多的反叛类犯罪。科技进步所引发的军事技术、侦破技术和监控技术的革命是废止酷刑的主要推动力量,而社会总福利水平的提高为刑罚技术进一步升级提供了保障。对于刑罚技术演变的政治经济学分析,能为死刑的存废提供有益的参考。
The interpretation of “cultural theory” or “humanism” in ancient criminal law on ancient torture obscures the correlation between torture and the specific social and historical conditions. From a functional point of view, torture is committed to creating and maintaining marginal deterrence, which is so low that the cost of opportunity for crime and exile is so poor in society as a whole that the state has a limited technological means of controlling crime and thus a low probability of punishment Important. In particular, when the country lacks military confidence, torture is given priority to deter rebellious crimes that are far more serious than ordinary criminal offenses. The revolutions in military technology, detection technology and monitoring technology triggered by scientific and technological progress are the main driving forces for abolishing torture. The improvement of the total welfare of society has provided a guarantee for further escalation in penalty technology. The political and economic analysis of the evolution of penalty technology can provide useful reference for the death penalty.