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目的了解洛阳市手足口病的流行特征及流行趋势,为制订手足口病的防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2009-2012年洛阳市手足口病疫情报告资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2009-2012年洛阳市共报告手足口病例31974例(其中重症病例1 615例、死亡3例),平均发病率为123.07/10万,呈现两年一个小高峰的起伏。城市发病率高于农村。男性发病率为146.92/10万,女性发病率为97.98/10万,男性发病率高于女性,(χ2=1 265,P<0.01)。1岁发病率最高(3232.53/10万),重症病例和死亡病例也多分布在1岁组。在31 974例中,散居儿童占70.75%,幼托儿童占26.93%;5月是全年的发病高峰。实验室诊断病例2 340例,其中肠道病毒71型占54.79%,柯萨奇病毒A16型占15.60%,其他肠道病毒占29.62%,EV71仍是主要的致病类型。重症病例中EV71构成比80.08%,高于普通病例。2009-2012年全市没有手足口病暴发疫情,共报告聚集性发病36起,78%的聚集性病例发生在农村地区。结论提高监测敏感性、对重点人群采取针对性的防控措施、医疗机构重心下移是控制本病流行的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and prevalence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Luoyang and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods The epidemiological data of HFMD in Luoyang city from 2009 to 2012 were analyzed. Results A total of 31974 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (including 1 615 cases of severe disease and 3 deaths) were reported in Luoyang City from 2009 to 2012 with an average incidence of 123.07 / 100 000, showing a slight fluctuation in two years. Urban incidence is higher than in rural areas. The incidence of males was 146.92 / 100000, the incidence of females was 97.98 / 100000, the incidence of males was higher than that of females (χ2 = 1265, P <0.01). The highest incidence of 1-year-old (3232.53 / 100000), severe cases and deaths are also mostly distributed in the 1-year-old group. Among 31,974 cases, scattered children accounted for 70.75% and childcare children accounted for 26.93%. May was the peak year of the year. There were 2 340 cases of laboratory diagnosis, of which 71 cases of enterovirus accounted for 54.79%, Coxsackie virus A16 accounted for 15.60%, other enterovirus accounted for 29.62%, EV71 is still the main pathogenic type. In severe cases, the proportion of EV71 was 80.08%, higher than common cases. There was no outbreak of HFMD in 2009-2012 in the city, reporting a total of 36 aggregated cases and 78% of clustered cases in rural areas. Conclusion To improve the sensitivity of surveillance and take targeted prevention and control measures for key populations, the shift of the center of gravity of medical institutions is the key to control the epidemic of this disease.