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离子型重稀土矿中大部分稀土以离子态吸附在铝硅酸盐粘土类矿物上。基于离子态稀土的可交换性,可采用淋洗交换法,从这类矿物中回收稀土。目前工业生产上普遍采用硫酸铵(早期用氯化钠)作洗提剂和草酸作沉淀剂的生产工艺。由于离子型重稀土矿中钇是丰值元素(钇的配分高达60％以上),且用途广、价值高,混合稀土产品又以钇含量高低来分级计价,因此研究该类型矿在洗提过程中钇的分布和草酸沉淀时钇的行为,将有助于提高钇的收率和含量。本文研究了用硫酸铵和氯化钠作淋洗剂,从离子型重稀土矿中洗提稀土时钇的分布情况,和络合剂的存在对洗提钇的影响。同时也研究了在不同的条件下影响钇沉淀率的因素。
Most of the rare earth ions in ionic heavy rare earth minerals are adsorbed on aluminosilicate clay minerals in ionic state. Based on the exchangeability of ionic rare earths, a leaching exchange method can be used to recover rare earths from such minerals. At present, industrial production commonly used ammonium sulfate (early sodium chloride) as the eluting agent and oxalic acid as precipitator production process. Due to the high content of yttrium (more than 60% of yttrium) in ion-type heavy rare earth ores, and its wide range of uses and high value, the rare earth mixed products are priced by the level of yttrium. Therefore, The distribution of yttrium and the behavior of yttrium during oxalic acid precipitation will help to increase yttrium yield and content. In this paper, we studied the distribution of yttrium when rare earths were eluted from ionic heavy rare earths with ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride as eluent, and the effect of complexing agent on the elution of yttrium. At the same time, the factors influencing the deposition rate of yttrium under different conditions were also studied.