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有多种昆虫常寄生于栎属植物的坚果中,进而影响种子的质量、萌发、幼苗建成等植物的更新过程。为探讨昆虫寄生与上述过程之间的关系,本研究于2007年和2008年在太行山济源地区调查了昆虫对栓皮栎Quercus variabilis坚果的寄生情况,同时探讨了昆虫寄生对坚果单宁水平、萌发和幼苗生长的影响;并于2007年9月,分别将完好的和昆虫寄生的栓皮栎坚果种植于土壤4cm深处,对坚果萌发情况、幼苗出土时间、叶片数量和生物量等进行了对比分析。结果表明:1)2007年栓皮栎坚果的虫寄生率为30.04%,显著低于2008年(47.68%),表现出年际变化;2)虫寄生坚果中单宁酸含量(11.54%±1.36%)显著高于完好坚果(7.36%±1.31%)(P=0.004);3)虫寄生坚果的鲜重、直径、长度均小于完好坚果;4)虫寄生坚果的霉烂率(28%)和不完全萌发率(28%)均高于完好坚果(霉烂率0%,不完全萌发率2%);但虫寄生坚果幼苗建成率(56%)低于完好坚果(92%);虫寄生坚果幼苗出土持续时间(埋藏后35周)短于完好坚果(埋藏后37周);5)在坚果埋藏和幼苗萌出当年的冬季,由虫寄生坚果和完好坚果建成的幼苗的高度、叶片数间均无显著差异,但在翌年的生长季节,两项指标均出现显著性差异;6)经过一个完整的生长周期(1年)之后,由虫寄生坚果所建成幼苗的根长、根重量和生物量3项指标显著低于完好坚果,而叶片数、茎长、叶重和茎重指标在二者间无显著性差异。研究结果提示,昆虫寄生会对栎类坚果的种子质量和萌发行为产生一定的影响,这可能是栎类植物群落更新的适应性选择。
A variety of insects are often parasitic in the nuts of the genus Quercus, thus affecting the quality of the seeds, germination, plant regeneration and other plant renewal processes. In order to explore the relationship between insect parasitism and the above process, this study investigated the parasitism of insects on Quercus variabilis nut in Qiyuan of Taihang Mountain in 2007 and 2008, and discussed the effects of insect parasitism on the levels of nut tannin, germination and In September 2007, the intact and insect-parasitized oak nuts were planted in the soil at a depth of 4 cm. The germination status, seedling emergence time, leaf number and biomass were compared and analyzed. The results showed that: 1) The parasitism rate of cork oak in 2007 was 30.04%, significantly lower than that in 2008 (47.68%), showing an interannual variation; 2) The content of tannic acid in parasitic nut was 11.54% ± 1.36% ) Was significantly higher than that of the intact nut (7.36% ± 1.31%) (P = 0.004); 3) The fresh weight, diameter and length of the parasitic nut were less than that of the intact nut; 4) The rotten rate (28% The complete germination rate (28%) was higher than the intact nuts (0% rotten rate, 2% incomplete germination rate), but the parasitic seedling establishment rate (56%) was lower than that of the intact nut (92%); The duration of excavated soil (35 weeks after burying) was shorter than that of intact nuts (37 weeks after burial); 5) In the winter of the year of burial and seedling eruption, the height of seedlings formed by parasitic nut and intact nut were no Significant differences were found between the two indicators in the growth season of the following year. 6) The root length, root weight and biomass of the seedlings formed by the parasitic nematodes after a complete growth cycle (1 year) The index of the items was significantly lower than that of the intact nuts, while the number of leaves, stem length, leaf weight and stem weight index had no significant difference between them. The results suggest that insect parasitism may have some impact on the seed quality and germination of oak nuts, which may be an adaptive alternative to oak plant community renewal.