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目的分析效能水平与老年高血压患者心血管病知信行、理想心血管健康行为和健康因素的相关性。方法以社区中已确诊的老年高血压患者2 592例作为研究对象,采用一般自我效能感量表(GSES)进行效能水平评测,结合随访1年期间高血压主要事件,分析效能水平对老年高血压人群心血管病知信行、理想心血管健康行为和健康因素的影响。结果效能水平高、中和低三组患者心血管病知识知晓率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.03~3.14,P=0.80~0.28),态度和行为方面正确率分别为42.8%~98.6%、27.3%~78.4%、14.6%~64.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.28~30.91,P<0.001~0.02);三组心血管健康行为(吸烟、BMI、饮食、锻炼)处于理想状态的分别为60%、60.2%、58.4%、59.4%、39.4%、38.5%、36.5%、39.4%和21.1%、22.3%、21.6%、20.5%;心血管健康因素(血压、血糖、血脂)中处于理想状态的分别占55.8%、59.3%、54.9%,36.8%、39.2%、38.1%和21.4%、22.1%、22%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.35~19.58,P<0.001~0.01);三组患者1年内累积高血压事件发生率及脉压差变化情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.38、20.12,P均<0.001)。结论高效能水平可改善高血压患者态度和行为,增加理想心血管健康行为和健康因素,预防老年高血压人群不良心脑血管事件的发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between efficacy level and cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 2 592 elderly hypertensive patients diagnosed in the community were enrolled in this study. The general self-efficacy scale (GSES) was used to assess the efficacy of hypertension. Followed up with the major events of hypertension during the follow-up period, the effect of efficacy level on senile hypertension Impact of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Health Behavior and Health Factors in Population. Results There was no significant difference in knowledge of cardiovascular disease among the three groups (χ2 = 1.03 ~ 3.14, P = 0.80 ~ 0.28). The correct rates of attitude and behavior were 42.8% ~ 98.6% , 27.3% -78.4%, 14.6% -64.8%, respectively (χ2 = 13.28-30.91, P <0.001-0.02). The cardiovascular health behaviors (smoking, BMI, diet, exercise) Were 60%, 60.2%, 58.4%, 59.4%, 39.4%, 38.5%, 36.5%, 39.4% and 21.1%, 22.3%, 21.6% and 20.5% respectively. Cardiovascular health factors (blood pressure, blood glucose, In the ideal state accounted for 55.8%, 59.3%, 54.9%, 36.8%, 39.2%, 38.1% and 21.4%, 22.1% and 22% respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.35-19.58, 0.01). There was significant difference in the incidence of cumulative hypertension and pulse pressure difference between the three groups in one year (χ2 = 18.38,20.12, P <0.001). Conclusion High performance level can improve the attitude and behavior of hypertensive patients, increase the ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and health factors, and prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the elderly hypertensive population.