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人类感染酵母菌或酵母样真菌有记载已近140年。它们多数是累及皮肤粘膜,而且临床意义不大。严重的全身性感染常与营养不良、恶性以及糖尿病有关。诊断复杂、化疗疗效有限,以及虚弱助长了全身性酵母菌感染的严重性。过去几十年来报导表浅感染显著增多,但更为重要的是,伴随化疗和现代外科进展的全身性酵母菌感染。本文简述酵母菌和酵母样菌的分类、着重致病菌的分类,同时讨论其生态学和生理学,以及诱发感染的条件。
Human infection of yeast or yeast-like fungi have been documented for nearly 140 years. Most of them are involved in skin and mucous membranes, and clinical significance. Serious systemic infections are often associated with malnutrition, malignancy and diabetes. Diagnostic complexity, limited efficacy of chemotherapy, and weakness contribute to the severity of systemic yeast infections. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in superficial infections, but more importantly, systemic yeast infections with chemotherapy and modern surgical advances. This article outlines the classification of yeast and yeast-like bacteria, focusing on the classification of pathogens, while discussing their ecology and physiology, as well as the conditions that induce infection.