论文部分内容阅读
精确喷施农药的效果取决于喷施药液在农作物 (靶标 )上的有效沉积。研究作物上层枝叶对农药的雾滴截留 ,为喷雾器具的优化设计、性能改进以及正确使用等提供技术依据 ;对合理喷施农药、提高农药的利用率、减少农药污染、保障食品安全具有重要意义。本试验研究以染料Rhodamine -B溶解成一定浓度的溶液代替农药对水稻田进行喷雾。用采样架沿水稻高度方向分 3层采集水稻植株样品。用荧光分光光度计测定雾滴在水稻某一层间的沉积量。本试验研究提出了定量分析上层水稻植株叶面截留对雾滴沉积影响的方法 ,分别对早稻与晚稻进行了试验。结果表明 :在按距离地面 40cm以上、2 0～ 40cm之间、5～ 2 0cm之间对水稻分层时 ,上层水稻植株的雾滴截留对中层、底层水稻植株雾滴沉积影响的比例系数分别为 :-0 .6615 (早稻为 -0 .7493 )、-0 .3 3 86(早稻为 -0 .2 5 11) ;对地面雾滴损失影响的比例系数为 -1.14 41。提出了喷雾沉积的不均匀系数。试验结果表明 ,上层水稻枝叶对雾滴截留不会改善中层及底层水稻植株喷雾沉积的均匀性。
The effect of spraying pesticides precisely depends on the effective deposition of the sprayed chemical on the crop (target). It is of great importance to optimize the design of sprayer, improve the performance and correct use of pesticides. It is of great significance to rational spraying of pesticides, improving the utilization of pesticides, reducing pesticide contamination and ensuring food safety . In the present study, a solution of Rhodamine-B dissolved in a certain concentration instead of pesticide was sprayed on paddy fields. Samples of rice plants were collected in 3 levels along the height of the rice using a sampling rack. Fluorescence spectrophotometer was used to measure the deposition of mist droplets in a layer of rice. In this study, we proposed a method to quantitatively analyze the effect of foliage interception of upper rice plants on droplet deposition. The experiment of early rice and late rice were carried out. The results showed that when the rice was stratified by more than 40cm, 20 ~ 40cm and 5 ~ 20cm from the ground, the proportion coefficient of droplet deposition of the upper rice plant to the droplet deposition of the middle and bottom rice plants was respectively Is -0.66615 (-0.7493 for early rice), -0.3386 (-0.2511 for early rice), and the coefficient of proportionality to the impact of ground-drop loss is -1.1441. The non-uniform coefficient of spray deposition is proposed. The experimental results showed that the retention of mist droplets by upper leaves did not improve the uniformity of spray deposition of middle and bottom rice plants.